Once again about the subject of social knowledge

The article deals with the problem of the subject of social cognition; all aspects of existing existence are actualized. Philosophical basis of social cognition theoretical and methodological programs, schemes, as well as their tools. The idea is expressed that the subject is social reality, not society. Various models of social reality are analyzed: active, idealistic, naturalistic and phenomenological. Within the framework of the methodological program of the so-called “new social ontology” (critical realism), there is a revival to the theoretical origins of social metaphysics, with its ideas about the objectivity of the existence of social reality and the analysis of causal connections in social processes. The pluralism of causal explanation takes into account.