No 3 (2024)
ARTICLES
The conditions necessary for the emergence of an LNG price hub in Russia
Abstract
The subject of the study is the consideration of the possibility of creating Russia's own LNG price hub. Global pricing for liquefied natural gas (LNG) is characterized by a hybrid approach – it combines binding to oil products and price indices at gas hubs. However, formula pricing with binding to quotations at global gas hubs currently prevails. Russia, as the largest LNG producer, is also forced to follow this trend, and thus depend on the prices of foreign hubs when implementing gas exports. The creation of our own price hub would improve Russian LNG export channels and influence global pricing, maximizing the profits of domestic producers. The study is based on the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical and factor analysis. In the first part, the author examines the experience of European and American companies in the creation and operation of price gas hubs, assesses their role and identifies the conditions for their successful development. The second part is devoted to the creation and development of an LNG price hub in Russia, an analysis of the competitiveness of Russian LNG supplies to the Asian market, and consideration of possible challenges in the implementation of such a project. The conclusions present the conditions for the formation of a price gas hub based on the experience of foreign companies and countries and the challenges in implementing this project in Russia. In addition, as a preliminary stage of ensuring the hub's activities, an initiative to create an electronic auction platform for LNG trading is presented and calculations are given to determine the marginality of spot sales from the Far East as part of trading on the auction platform.
Theoretical and Applied Economics. 2024;(3):1-17
1-17
On the current stage of implementation of the environmental principles of the ESG by the largest insurers in Western Europe
Abstract
The subject of the study is the activities carried out by the largest insurance companies in Western Europe in order to implement the environmental principles of the ESG in their own activities. The object of the study is the ESG culture in the insurance companies. The article focuses on the ESG activities of the largest insurers in Western Europe. Due to the special need of introducing relevant experience into the activities of the Russian insurance market, the problems of developed and emerging markets companies' implementation of the ESG principles are currently being studied at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation as part of fundamental research work within the framework of the 2024 state assignment on the topic: "Insurance in ESG" (Stage III). In the course of the study, theoretical (analysis and generalization of the presented materials and knowledge in the field of interest) and private (assessment of information provided in the public domain, consideration and evaluation of expert opinions, as well as observation and description aimed at and development of summarizing conclusions) methods of study were used. The author's contribution to the study of the problems of joining insurance markets to the conceptual principles of ESG are the following conclusions. The ESG activities of large Western European insurers are characterized by the presence of a conceptual component, since most of them have issued corporate doctrinal documents. The introduction of ESG principles into the activities of Western European insurance companies is a fairly common practice and is carried out using methods similar to most, while possessing different informational, managerial or socio-economic authentic features. Financing of measures aimed at preserving the environment is a natural thing for Western European companies and is unlikely to be regarded by them as a burden on their own financial and economic activities. At the same time, compliance with ESG principles can stimulate innovation, investment and new business opportunities, give impetus to the development of advanced products and services and, as a result, serve to expand business opportunities and sustainable economic growth.
Theoretical and Applied Economics. 2024;(3):18-29
18-29
Education as a tool for managing the development of human capital in new macroeconomic conditions
Abstract
The article considers the issues of stable development of socio-economic systems, creation of conditions for the well-being of the population. A modernized chain of stages for improving the quality of life and sustainable development is given, the evolution of knowledge accumulation is considered. The author's interpretations of the difference between the concepts of "human capital" and "human potential" are given. It is concluded that education is a key tool for the formation of sustainable socio-economic systems that ensure the implementation and development of human capital and, ultimately, an improvement in the quality of life of the population. The methodological basis of the study includes such general scientific methods as system analysis, synthesis, abstraction and analogy, generalization and classification, which ensure the validity of the results and conclusions of the study. The main conclusion of the study is the fact that the innovative vector of development of the Russian economy necessitates the creation of a system of continuous education that could ensure a high quality of life for the population and the maximum completeness of the development of human capital. At the same time, the authors conclude as a result of the study that a highly effective system of engineering and technical training is another important element of education as a tool for improving the quality of life of the population and developing human capital. At the same time, some of the key areas of modernization of engineering and technical training are: - development of interaction with industrial partners in order to ensure the practical orientation of the educational process; - modernization of the model of targeted training of graduates in terms of the transition from targeted admission to the 1st year to targeted training based on the selection of highly motivated 2nd-3rd year students for specialized training in the interests of industry leaders; - development of innovative forms of organization of the educational process.
Theoretical and Applied Economics. 2024;(3):30-38
30-38
The Russian timber industry: features of formation, condition, development and role
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the forestry complex (FC) of the Russian Federation. The work analyzes the fundamentals of the FC's functioning, its current state, and development prospects. The subject of the research is the Russian forestry complex market, including the processes of creation and development, as well as the impact of export dynamics on the complex's development. Research methods include the analysis of the legal framework, statistical data, and the study of foreign market experiences. The novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive approach to studying the Russian FC, which allows for the identification of specific features of its functioning under the transition to a market economy and the determination of the main internal and external problems faced by the industry. The first section of the article examines the fundamentals of FC functioning, including the features of the processes of creation and development of the complex, as well as the impact of exports on its development. The second section analyzes the current state of the market, identifies problems, and proposes solutions, discusses the possibilities of overcoming trade restrictions, the impact of reforestation on the resource potential, and the role of the legal framework in an international context. The main conclusions of the study highlight that the Russian FC is characterized by the complexities of organizing the forest harvesting and processing system associated with the transition to a market model and the peculiarities of property rights distribution over forest resources. The complex has faced a number of internal problems, such as operating in the shadow economy and an ineffective control system. Rental relations between tenants and the state have also negatively impacted the economic efficiency of forest resource use.
Theoretical and Applied Economics. 2024;(3):39-58
39-58
Cross-promotion: features, causes of success and types of popular mechanics
Abstract
Cross-promo is becoming more and more popular among companies in the Russian market. Both representatives of large businesses and medium-sized companies resort to this marketing mechanics. The article discusses in detail the theoretical aspects and reasons for the growing popularity of cross-promo, analyzes the important nuances that companies face when conducting this type of activity, and the main mechanics of this type of partner campaigns, and also provides recommendations for organizing an effective cross-promo. The subject of the study is cross-promo, and the object is the growing popularity of this mechanics among companies in the Russian market. The purpose of the work is to systematize the varieties of cross-promo. The result of this study is a detailed description of various types of cross-promos and the formulation of recommendations for the successful conduct of promotions. Cross-promo formats such as sampling, organization of joint events, joint advertising campaigns, organization of recommendation cross-promo, joint promotions and contests, implementation of partner programs and loyalty programs, joint creation of products are considered in detail. The uniqueness of the article consists in identifying the factors that determine the achievement of the planned indicators for this type of promotions. Recommendations are given on the choice of partners for cross-promo and the formation of promotional offers attractive to the target audience.
Theoretical and Applied Economics. 2024;(3):59-74
59-74