Vol 14, No 4 (2024)
- Year: 2024
- Published: 31.12.2024
- Articles: 12
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2328-1391/issue/view/19801
Full Issue
Articles
Analysis of Theoretical Studies on the Problem of Interaction Between Railway Freight Stations and Non-Public Tracks
Abstract
This article is devoted to a review of scientific research by Russian and foreign scientists in the field of interaction between freight railway stations and non-public tracks. The main areas of interaction between freight stations and non-public tracks were identified, namely technical, technological, legal, economic and informational. Based on the analysis, the tasks, subtasks, models and methods aimed at solving the issue of optimizing the interaction of freight railway stations and non-public tracks were systematized. During the analysis of scientific papers, it was revealed that all of them represent an extensive scientific and methodological base containing recommendations for improving the efficiency of interaction between freight stations and non-public tracks. However, due to the development of digital technologies in the operation of railway stations, it becomes necessary to study the issue related to the interaction of freight railway stations and non-public tracks in modern conditions.
Purpose. Conducting an analysis of theoretical research on the problem of interaction between railway freight stations and non-public tracks.
Methodology. The article uses a diachronic method of literature analysis.
Results. Based on the analysis, the tasks, subtasks, models and methods aimed at solving the issue of optimizing the interaction of freight railway stations and non-public tracks were systematized.
Practical implications. It is advisable to apply the results obtained in the development of methods aimed at improving the efficiency of freight railway stations with non-public tracks.
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Cyber Security in Transportation
Abstract
The fast pace of scientific and technological progress in terms of informatisation and digitalisation of society entails the risk of increasing cyber threats, which pose a serious problem for organisations, as the pace of development of digital and information technologies significantly outstrips the pace of development of tools to protect them. The article describes the relevance of cyber security issues in the transport sector, provides a conceptual framework of cyber security and the main types of cyber attacks. The statistics of cyber threats in transport in 2023 compared to 2022 is studied. The cyber environment and the main elements of its defence are considered. A procedure for managing cyber security in a transport organisation has been developed, which is based on a process approach to cyber security management, including a block for managing the audit of the current state of the defence system in the organisation and a block with a sequence of actions in the event of a cyber attack. The proposed cyber security management procedure allows not only to prevent potential cyber attacks, but also to audit the current state of cyber defence and form directions for its improvement, taking into account changing threats and dynamically developing technologies.
Purpose. To study the issues of cybersecurity management in a transport organization in conditions of increasing risks of cyber threats.
Methodology. The article uses methods of systems theory, system analysis and synthesis, analytical and statistical methods.
Results. The statistics of cyber threats in the transport sector is studied. A procedure for managing cyber security in a transport organisation is proposed, which makes it possible to manage the assessment of the current state of the organisation's protection system and regulates the procedure for actions in the event of a cyber attack.
Practical implications. The obtained research results may be in demand in the practice of cyber security management in a transport organisation.
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Modeling Processes in a Cyber-Physical System using a Simulation Approach
Abstract
Background. Cyber-physical systems are currently actively spreading in various fields. In order to carry out their effective management, it is necessary to use approaches based on simulation modeling. The corresponding task is considered in the paper.
Materials and methods. The paper discusses the problem of modeling processes in the cyberphysical system. A set of stages that are used in the course of choosing characteristics related to its management is given. In the first step, the variables are selected. At the second stage, the methods to be used in the simulation are selected, taking into account that the processes taking place in the cyber-physical system, as well as external influences, are accidental. In the third stage, homogeneous components in the cyberphysical system are selected. At the fourth stage, based on the average values of the amount of transmitted data in the cyber-physical system, the value of its efficiency is determined. The structure of an algorithm that makes it possible to distinguish homogeneous modules in a cyber-physical system taking into account the influence of external factors is given. The features of a simulation experiment for a cyber-physical system using an optimization model are indicated. The stages on the basis of which the choice of the quasi-optimal option for the placement of modules in the cyberphysical system based on simulation methods is carried out are noted.
Results. Simulation of a cyber-physical system with specified characteristics is carried out. It is shown that using the proposed approach it was possible to increase the efficiency of the system.
Conclusion. The results of the work can be used to simulate a wide class of cyber-physical systems. The presented modeling algorithm is universal.
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Analysis of the Characteristics of a Swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Passive and Active Experiments
Abstract
Background. Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently actively used in the military, civil and scientific spheres of activity. Due to the use of the swarm, there are opportunities to increase the efficiency of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The paper discusses the features of determining the characteristics of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Materials and methods. The analysis of the solution of the problem related to the determination of homogeneous characteristics on the basis of passive and active experiments is carried out. There is a designation of conditions that are divided into two samples. Two hypotheses that meet the condition of homogeneity of components are considered. The main stages of the algorithm in passive and active experiments, on the basis of which homogeneous components are distinguished, are given. The Student's criterion and the Fisher criterion are used to form regression models. Homogeneous components were determined, and then their reduction was carried out. The critical value of the speed is determined, and the speed forecast is estimated. The degrees of polynomials that form regression models are determined. Results. Based on the approaches proposed in the work, an analysis of a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles is carried out. The analysis of the key components of the swarm was carried out, their number was reduced. The error in the forecast of cruising speeds was several percent.
Conclusion. The presented approaches in the work are universal and can be applied to different swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles. The possibilities of predicting cruising speeds are shown.
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Algorithm for Selecting Events to Increase the Environmental Safety of Traffic Flow
Abstract
In this article, the authors consider the optimization of the route network and rolling stock to ensure environmental safety (using the city of Krasnodar as an example). To improve the environmental situation at the sites under study, an analysis was conducted and a conclusion was made that the introduction of "smart intersections" will have a positive effect: travel time will decrease, and the average speed of travel along this section will increase, due to which the amount of harmful emissions from public transport will decrease. The authors proposed an event to replace the rolling stock with electric buses, which will reduce exhaust emissions, based on the analyses and calculations made.
The authors developed an algorithm for selecting measures to improve the environmental safety of traffic flows by influencing the route network of public passenger transport.
Purpose. Optimization of the route network to ensure environmental safety (using the city of Krasnodar as an example).
Materials and methods. The article used statistical analysis, synthesis.
Results. The existing route network was analyzed, methods for improving environmental safety were studied, and measures were proposed, such as increasing the distance between stops, introducing “smart intersections” and replacing outdated rolling stock with electric buses.
Scope of application of the results: research activities to improve public transport routes to increase their efficiency and accessibility with a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and other pollutants through the introduction of environmentally friendly vehicles.
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Algorithm for Planning Measures for the Development of Cycling Infrastructure
Abstract
Inthisarticle, the authorspropose an algorithm for planningmeasuresfor the development of cycling infrastructure.Statisticson the use of bicycleswereprovided, and the questions of the algorithmblocks were analyzed.Basedonthisalgorithm, it is possible to objectivelyassess the currentandprospectivestate of cyclingandmake an informedoperationalorstrategicdecisiononmeasurestodevelop cycling infrastructure.
Purpose. The goalis to create an algorithm for planningmeasuresfor the development of cycling infrastructure.
Materials and methods. Statisticalanalysiswasusedinthiswork.
Results.Thestatistics of accidentswithcyclistsandstatisticsofbicycle use were given, and an algorithm for planningmeasuresfor the development of cycling infrastructurewasproposed.
Scope of application of the results: researchactivitiesfor the development of the cycling environment.
100-112
Machine Learning in Predicting Heat Loss in Heat Supply Systems
Abstract
Background. The study presents the application of machine learning methods to predict heat loss in the heat supply system of the city of Kazan based on data for the period 2020-2023. Forecasting heat loss allows you to increase the efficiency of the heat supply system, reduce the cost of heat production and transportation. The paper examines various machine learning models, such as linear regression, ensemble methods (random forest, gradient boosting) and neural networks, and evaluates their accuracy and applicability in the context of urban infrastructure.
Purpose. Improving the accuracy of forecasting heat loss in the Kazan city heat supply system in order to optimize operation and reduce operating costs.
Materials and methods. The study is based on operational data of the heat supply system, weather data, as well as infrastructure characteristics of pipelines. The main research methods include linear regression, regularization methods (Lasso, ridge regression), ensemble learning (random forest and gradient boosting) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The MSE, MAPE and R2 metrics, as well as cross-validation, were used to evaluate the models.
Results. The analysis showed that machine learning methods, especially gradient boosting and neural networks, make it possible to achieve high accuracy in predicting heat loss (R2 = 0,89). The use of these methods helps to increase energy efficiency and reduce operating costs in heat supply systems.
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Modeling of Transport Processes in the Formation and Development of Cross-Border Infrastructure
Abstract
The increase in the volume of Russia's foreign trade turnover with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region requires the rapid development of cross-border infrastructure. The workload of the port facilities of the Pacific basin negatively affects the efficiency of processing and passing transport and cargo flows, therefore, the formation of a new and development of the existing transport and terminal logistics infrastructure of land-based cross-border crossings is underway. The article proposes the infrastructural development of a cross-border crossing by organizing transport and logistics facilities of an adjacent type of transport. An integrated approach to strengthening the throughput and processing capacity of border checkpoints within the framework of the international transport corridor will ensure the consistent development of cross-border transport and logistics facilities, taking into account economic assessment. One of the methods of substantiating the options for infrastructural and technological development of a cross-border transition is simulation modeling, which allows analyzing and predicting the behavior of transport and logistics facilities under the influence of environmental factors.
The purpose of the study is to form theoretical foundations and practical tools for the formation of a cross-border infrastructure.
Methodology. Theoretical research methods were used: system analysis, information synthesis and formalization.
Results. The principles of the formation and development of cross-border infrastructure are presented. A program for automated calculation of the capacity of cross-border infrastructure facilities has been developed.
Practical implications. When designing new cross-border crossings and analyzing the functioning of cross-border transport and logistics facilities, it is rational to use the developed software products.
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Analysis of Russian Transport Performance Indicators
Abstract
The transport industry is one of the important sectors of the economy, as it performs the function of moving goods and passengers, connects business entities from different regions of the country, creating a single economic space. The study of transport performance indicators allows you to get an idea of the dynamics of the industry from an economic and technical point of view. Based on statistical data for the period 2020-2023, the work analyzes a number of economic and technical indicators of transport activity. The conclusion is made about the positive trends in the development of the industry.
The purpose is to consider the dynamics of indicators of the Russian transport industry.
The method and methodology of the work. The study used a systematic approach and general scientific methods – statistical, comparative analysis and logical generalizations. The article is based on statistical and periodical materials.
Results. Based on the results of the analysis of statistical data, an increase in the value of fixed assets and the volume of investments, a decrease in the degree of depreciation of fixed assets, and an improvement in the balanced financial result of transport organizations' activities were revealed.
Scope of application of the results. It is advisable to apply the obtained results to economic entities and public administration bodies.
154-168
The Organization of Effective Maintenance of Railway Automation and Telemechanics Devices in Low-Activity Sections
Abstract
The article proposes a technological model for the organization of effective maintenance of signaling, centralization and blocking devices in low-active section.
Currently, the frequency of maintenance of infrastructure facilities in low-activity section is carried out with a regulated cyclic.
At the same time, the control of the technical condition, maintenance and repair of signaling, centralization and blocking devices depend on various parameters of the site in question, such as the intensity of train movement, traffic capacity and carrier capacity, the presence or absence of diagnostic and monitoring systems on the site and others.
The proposed model makes it possible to make a reasonable choice of technology for organizing the technical operation of train movement system on stretches and stations with low train traffic, taking into account the performance of safety functions assigned to them by infrastructure facilities, as well as compliance with established values of technical and economic efficiency indicators.
The technological model was developed using methods for assessing the risks of reliability and safety of alarm devices, centralization and blocking, methods for optimizing production processes and minimizing unproductive losses, modeling these processes using the method of functional networks.
The technological model is a decision-making tool for the application of a particular technology for the organization of maintenance of systems and devices for signaling, centralization and blocking in low-active section train traffic.
The practical application of the proposed model is realized by automatization of its provisions using appropriate information systems. Keywords: inactive sites, maintenance, alarm, centralization and blocking, technological model.
169-184
The Experience and Prospects of the Development of the Heavyweight Movement
Abstract
Background. The article is devoted to the review of the experience and analysis of the prospects for the development of the organization of the heavyweight movement. The technology of heavy–lift movement in Russia is relatively "young" and has a number of features. The relevance of the topic is related to the systematization of the experience of Russian Railways in organizing heavy traffic at various landfills, and is determined by the need to identify the features of the development of this technology in the near future.
Purpose: to characterize the current state of development of heavy-lift technology, taking into account the historical and conceptual aspects of the organization of heavy-lift traffic in our country.
Methods. The methods of comparative analysis, logistics and standardization of railroad operational work were used.
Results. The characteristics of the features, experience and prospects of the development of the heavyweight movement are given. The key trends and tracks for further improvement of the technology are noted. Some attributes of the future target image of a heavy railway are formulated.
Conclusion. The key features and difficulties of the organization of the heavyweight movement in Russia are shown. It is noted that the potential of heavy logistics at the landfills of JSC "Russian Railways" has not yet been fully disclosed.
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Transport Force and the Index of the Development Potential of Heavy Traffic as New Indicators of the Use of a Traction Business Resource
Abstract
Background. The article is devoted to the study of the organization of the heavyweight movement. The relevance of the topic determines the trend of increasing the average weight of freight trains on Russian railways.
Purpose: to characterize new indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the development of heavy-lift traffic as new indicators of the use of traction resources of JSC "Russian Railways".
Methods. The methods of norming the operational work of railroads, logistics, as well as visualization and analysis tools were used.
Results. An integral indicator is proposed – the Index of the development potential of heavy traffic for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the organization of both a separate route and related multiplicative effects, which will provide a scientifically based solution to the problem of increasing the capacity of railways. The indicator "transport force" is proposed, which makes it possible to estimate, together with the load capacity, the average axial load of trains running on one kilometer of the operational length of railways and performing transport work.
Conclusion. It is shown that it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of the organization of heavy traffic without appropriate methodological tools on a specific section of the railway route in a certain period of time. An attempt has been made to systematize the components of a traction business resource and focus them into a single system of indicators, taking into account local technical and technological features and a number of parameters.
199-211