Коррекция витаминного статуса у беременных: современные подходы и клиническое значение

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Аннотация

Целью систематического обзора является обобщение современных данных о дефиците витаминов у беременных женщин, его клинических последствиях и подходах к коррекции нутритивного статуса в период гестации. В условиях растущей распространённости гиповитаминозов среди беременных, особенно в отношении фолиевой кислоты, витаминов D и B12, возрастает клиническая значимость ранней диагностики и индивидуализированной терапии. В статье проанализированы работы отечественных и зарубежных авторов за последние 5 лет, включающие рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, метаанализы, когортные наблюдения и международные рекомендации. Оценивали ключевые микронутриенты, их влияние на течение беременности и исходы для матери и плода, а также факторы, способствующие нарушению метаболизма витаминов, включая генетические полиморфизмы (MTHFR, VDR, TCN2). В статье представлены подходы к лабораторной диагностике дефицитов, принципы рациональной диетотерапии и применения витаминно-минеральных комплексов, а также возможности персонализированной нутритивной коррекции. Обоснована необходимость включения оценки витаминного статуса в алгоритмы прегравидарной подготовки и антенатального ведения женщин из групп риска. Результаты обзора подчёркивают роль нутритивной поддержки как важного компонента профилактики акушерской и перинатальной патологии.

Об авторах

Мария Александровна Суханова

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Email: suxanovamaria@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-4792-4353
Россия, Москва

Анастасия Олеговна Кирьянова

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Email: Anastasia.kiryanova2002@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5459-3054
SPIN-код: 2275-4803
Россия, Москва

Михаил Борисович Агеев

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Email: mikhaageev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6603-804X
SPIN-код: 3122-7420

канд. мед. наук, доцент

Россия, Москва

Евгения Александровна Свидинская

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Email: svidinskaya@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2368-1932
SPIN-код: 3002-6388

канд. мед. наук

Россия, Москва

Наталья Сергеевна Землина

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Email: zemlina_n_s@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6393-9961
SPIN-код: 7667-2482
Россия, Москва

Гюзель Фаритовна Проклова

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: guzelp@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3382-026X
SPIN-код: 3366-8200

MD

Россия, Москва

Елена Алексеевна Соснова

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

Email: sosnova-elena@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1732-6870
SPIN-код: 6313-9959

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, Москва

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