Evolution of concepts of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer and current therapeutic opportunities

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Abstract

Ovarian cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality among gynecological cancers. The major challenge in its treatment is the development of resistance to platinum-based agents. Traditionally, platinum sensitivity of the tumor was assessed based on the treatment-free interval. However, with the introduction of targeted and maintenance therapies, such as PARP inhibitors and antiangiogenic drugs, these criteria require reevaluation. Current evidence indicates that platinum resistance arises from complex biological processes involving homologous recombination deficiency, activation of DNA repair pathways, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, increased expression of drug transporters, evasion of apoptosis, as well as the involvement of cancer stem cells and clonal evolution. The elucidation of these mechanisms has provided the basis for new therapeutic strategies. A key focus is on ATR and WEE1 inhibitors, epigenetic agents, antibody–drug conjugates, immunotherapy, and combination approaches that act simultaneously on multiple pathogenic pathways. A promising direction involves integrating molecular profiling and biomarker assessment to select patients most sensitive to specific therapeutic modalities. Thus, the evolving concept of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer reflects a shift from time-based clinical criteria toward molecular and biological stratification. This transition opens new opportunities for personalized treatment, which can enhance not only treatment efficacy but also long-term outcomes for patients with an unfavorable prognosis.

About the authors

Arina A. Nikandrova

Russian University of Medicine

Email: chirach726@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7645-2248
Russian Federation, Moscow

Kheda M.E. Musaeva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: musaevamm_00@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-6885-2370
Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz

Anna V. Denisova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: tur.anutka@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-0569-2751
Russian Federation, Ufa

Artem K. Manzurov

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: artemmanzurov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-4480-9684
Russian Federation, Moscow

Anna A. Popova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: anna.magic.24.07@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6079-0151
Russian Federation, Moscow

Shakhban R. Pezuev

North Caucasian State Academy

Email: pezuev05@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-0038-4978

student

Russian Federation, Cherkessk

Muslim A. Khorumov

North Caucasian State Academy

Email: horumov.muslim@ya.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-1199-7284
Russian Federation, Cherkessk

Eliza D. Mazhidova

Kadyrov Chechen State University

Email: mazidovaeliza@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8635-7682
Russian Federation, Grozny

Saida S. Khubaeva

Kadyrov Chechen State University

Email: khubaevasaida@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1023-478X
Russian Federation, Grozny

Yulia A. Molchanova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: Juliamolcanova03@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1421-0978
Russian Federation, Moscow

Arina Yu. Kulakova

Kuban State Medical University

Email: a.y.kulakova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9976-9247
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

Maхim I. Timush

Kuban State Medical University

Email: bestcelesteru@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-7939-7255
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

Aleхandra E. Fomenko

Kuban State Medical University

Email: fomenko.al.2017@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-8618-7805
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

Anastasiia A. Bezlepkina

Rostov State Medical University

Email: anastasiiabezl@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-7093-1401
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Angelina I. Mustafina

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: angelina30.03.2001@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-3139-0519
Russian Federation, Ufa

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