Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of emergency conditions in gynecology. The main clinical manifestations of ectopic pregnancy, in the background of signs of pregnancy, are the menstrual irregularities, delayed menstruation, spotting (the most classic clinical picture), pain syndrome (with and without irradiation to the rectum, thigh) of varying intensity (depending on the type of the ectopic pregnancy), signs of intra-abdominal bleeding. The key to successful treatment is timely diagnosis and qualified, adequate medical care. The main laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnosing the ectopic pregnancy are the determination of the β-subunit of hCG in blood serum (diagnostic accuracy of 85%) and ultrasound (diagnostic accuracy of 78–100%). The treatment of ectopic pregnancy is surgical, the laparoscopic access is preferred. Laparotomy access is indicated for severe adhesions, hemorrhagic shock caused by significant intraperitoneal bleeding. The surgical intervention during tubal pregnancy is tubectomy. Tubotomy (retention of the fallopian tube) is irrational, since the operated fallopian tube causes a recurrence of tubal pregnancy.