Methodology for the implementation of an ecological-evolutionary approach in the study of biology of early bird ontogenesis

This paper discusses the methodology for implementing the ecological-evolutionary approach while studying the biology of early bird ontogenesis. A special result of biological knowledge development is the emergence of two methodological constructs: the idea of development and the idea of organization. The essence and nature of the methodological interpretations of the ecological-evolutionary approach are different, as well as the formulations of the problems that are solved using this approach. The development of the methodology of the ecological-evolutionary approach in the study of the early ontogenesis of birds can be successfully implemented using the example of mass bird species, for which the pre-breeding and nesting stages of the annual life cycle have been studied. The tasks are aimed at the development of systemic and critical thinking among students, which is expressed in the students’ mastery of such a universal competence as the ability to search, critically analyze and synthesize information, apply a systematic approach to solving tasks. It is advisable to develop these universal competencies on the basis of actual biological material that can interest students. The first group of tasks is based on the information about the biology of the early ontogenesis of black-headed gulls, obtained in the course of the field research. The second option of tasks can be tasks that require additional use of literature by the student when answering questions. The third version of tasks provides for elements of students’ independent study of specific biological objects. Thus, the influence of environmental factors on a biological object or process and the reaction to the influence of the factor are taken into account.