The Soviet microbiologist Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva is the founder of the national scientific school of physicians on antibiotics

The history of any science is, in many ways, the history of the development of a scientific school. Belonging of an individual scientist to a particular school allows us to characterize those ideas, principles and methodological guidelines of fundamental and applied scientific branches that he is guided by in his research. This article examines the role of the famous Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Ermolyeva in the creation and development of a scientific medical school on antibiotics. As the first Soviet scientist to receive the domestic antibiotic penicillin-krustosin, she was at the forefront of antibiotic research from the standpoint of microbiology, pharmacology and medicine. She also took part in the organization of the Soviet antibiotic industry. For thirty years, the scientific biography of the scientist has been associated with the study, production, improvement and application of these antibacterial drugs. Based on the analysis of documents from federal archives (the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Russian State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation, the Russian State Archive in Samara), as well as abstracts of dissertations by Z.V. Ermolyeva’s students, staff and followers, the main directions of her scientific school of physicians on antibiotics are analyzed, and the contribution of individual scientists to the experimental and clinical study of antibiotics is considered.