Reaction of macromycetes fungi on anthropogenic disturbances

The paper deals with the influence of the anthropogenic press on different levels of macromycetes fungi biota organization: the Bank of spores and propagules of fungi, individual fungal organisms and their communities. It is assumed that anthropogenic disturbances of the environment decrease some fungi spores viability and change the ratio of different species spores. Environment disturbances affect fungi directly and indirectly, but indirect effects are more significant, since the destruction of fruit bodies does not affect the state of the mycelium. Indirect effects include violation of physical and chemical properties of substrates (soil, wood), increase of their toxicity, and changes in vegetation cover, causing changes in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of detritus and plants that can form mycorrhizae. The mechanisms of reducing the diversity and functioning of mycobiota in the conditions of technogenic pollution are discussed. Communities of fungi respond to anthropogenic disturbances by changing the structure, especially functional, which increase absolute and relative number of phytopathogenic fungi in communities. It is concluded that the current trend of regional mycobiota development is aimed at preserving the natural state and currently there are no clear signs of its degradation.