Species structure and pharmaceutical features of forest communities fungi in the Voronezh Region

The work is devoted to the study of the species structure and pharmaceutical features of forest communities fungi in the Voronezh Region. The mycological study revealed 171 species of fungi belonging to 2 divisions of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, 7 classes, 19 orders, 58 families and 106 genera. Most of the species belong to the orders Agaricales (81 taxa), Russulales (23), Polyporales (21) and Boletales (19). Among the identified taxa of medicinal fungi, saprotrophs (85) and symbiotrophs (53) predominate. The overwhelming number of mushroom species belongs to edible (92) and inedible (51) categories. 108 representatives of the mycobiota of the Voronezh Region can be used for the treatment of oncological diseases, 89 – for the production of substances with antibacterial activity. To a lesser extent, fungi have antiviral activity (49), immunostimulating properties (36), anti-inflammatory action (28), antioxidant activity (22). Fruit bodies (158 taxa) and mycelium (22) are most often used as a source of release of useful substances. The identified species of fungi contain 23 types of toxins that lead to diseases of various etiologies, among which α-amanitin, grismalin, ibo-tenic acid, cordinarin, muscarin, muscimol and phalloidin dominate (in 3 representatives).