YIELD OF BARLEY DEPENDING ON THE MAIN TREATMENT OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM AND INTENSIFICATION MEANS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

The research was conducted in 2021-2024 to assess the impact of spring barley cultivation in a grain-fallow crop rotation on the yield of spring barley, as well as the effects of basic soil tillage, fertilization levels, and herbicides. The stationary experiment was conducted simultaneously in all fields on a typical heavy loamy black soil with a humus content (according to Tyurin) of 6.8-7.0% in the 0-30 cm layer. In the four-field crop rotation, barley was planted after soybeans. The experiment studied three factors: methods of basic tillage, fertilizer doses, and herbicides. The use of resource-saving methods of basic tillage, surface tillage (disk tillage at 10-12 cm), and no-till tillage at a depth of 20-22 cm led to a decrease in barley yield by 0.11 and 0.21 t/ha, respectively, averaged over 2021-2024. The use of these methods in combined soil cultivation systems in crop rotations did not significantly affect the crop yield. However, in the severely dry year of 2024, a significant decrease in yield compared to plowing was observed, ranging from 0.19 to 0.39 t/ha. The use of fertilizers at a dose of N60 P60 K60 provided an increase in yield, on average, by 0.82 t/ha, compared to N30P30K30, which provided an increase of 0.47 t/ha. The use of increased the yield of barley by 0.39 t/ha, regardless of soil cultivation and fertilizer use. The maximum increase in the experiment was achieved by the combined use of intensification tools (fertilizers at a dose of N60 P60 K60 and herbicides) - 1.20 t/ha.

barley, soil cultivation, fertilizers, herbicides, yield