Том 19, № 2 (2022)

One of the relevant tasks of scientific research related to the systematic analysis of technical and economic aspects of machines manufacture and operation is to determine their optimal durability. Machine durability affects depreciation rates and the cost ratio planning for new machines and spare parts manufacture. Currently, there is a tendency to increase the optimal service life of machines of the timber industry complex based on the development and provision of scientifically sound standards for resource realization, normalization of cost ratios between the areas of logging equipment manufacture and operation, as well as on the current expenditure of material, labor and money. Thus, extra expenses might be avoided and maximum realization of machine reliability properties with minimal operating costs might be ensured. In this regard, the analysis of existing methods for determining optimal durability is of great importance to improve the efficiency of logging equipment service on the basis of its normalization, forecasting, and customizing to individual timber enterprises operation. The purpose of the work is to improve the processes of maintaining operability and increasing the reliability of parts and assemblies of logging and timber transport machines during operation by reducing the specific downtime of the machine caused by failures and malfunctions. The article presents a mathematical justification of the influence of technological machines resource dependence on the level of total cost per unit. The mathematical model presents a methodology for identifying objectively available reserves and developing scientifically-based measures to improve the reliability of logging and forest transportation equipment as a result of improving the processes of maintaining its operability and optimizing the power of the subsystem.

The development of timber products water transportation on the territory of the Russian Federation should comply with a number of conditions, one of which is to ensure the environmental safety of operational water bodies. Log drifting has been prohibited on shallow rivers to ensure ecological safety of these rivers. Development of modern float units with high transportation and operational indicators presents an alternative solution for log drifting on small and medium-sized rivers. The authors propose a design of a flat float unit with a stabilized buoyancy reserve that is wrapped in a flexible waterproof material. The flexible waterproof material prevents direct contact of wood with water, provides light draft to the flat-float unit, a stable buoyancy reserve and preserves the quality of the supplied wood. Ensuring high transportation and operational performance of flat float units of stabilized buoyancy is regulated by the correct choice of flexible waterproof material. The authors present a method of calculating the required strength of a flexible waterproof material, where special attention is paid to the options for laying round timber in flat float units. The method accounts for action of external forces on units during their transportation through a water body and moving to coastal warehouses and logs receiving ports. The obtained strength indicators of the flexible waterproof material and the main dependences for determining the forces acting on the flat float units during their operation in various conditions make it possible to determine the mechanical and geometric characteristics of the material required for wrapping the float units. The introduction of modern flat float units design with a stabilized buoyancy reserve for round log drifting with the mandatory use of the presented methodology for calculating flexible waterproof material strength will make it possible to effectively drift these flat float units independently or as part of a raft.

The article examines the influence of technological parameters of the multiblock designed for resource-saving restoration of oak forests in non-uprooted felling on quality indicators. Resource-saving reforestation technologies that avoid uprooting of stumps cause the least harm to the environment and save resources. Disc tools used on non-uprooted clearings ensure the best vehicle cross-country ability . The advantage of wave discs is low resistance and, consequently, low tractive effort thus creating ample opportunities for reducing energy costs. The design of the wave disk, which provides the required quality of a sowing furrow formation and its tillage has been studied. The quality of the sowing furrow was determined by its depth evenness. The depth of tillage was checked in several places along the furrow length and tool operating width. The paper describes the design and principle of operation of an energy-saving multiblock. The wave disk improves the performance standards of modern forestry tillage tools and will allow their competitive advantage enhancement against other forestry tillage machines. As a result of the experimental studies, a regression model of the influence of the unit speed and the depth of the wave disk on the formation of a seed furrow was obtained. The model makes it possible to determine optimal parameters that ensure a high-quality technological process of tillage with the lowest energy costs. The authors have established that the new technology leads to costs reduction if number of technological operations, machines, tools and equipment is decreased as well as seed expenditure.