Spontaneous anterior coronary interventricular artery dissection in a young woman in the late postpartum period: clinical case

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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications during pregnancy and postpartum period are rare but often fatal. The causes and mechanisms of the development of such complications are not fully understood. Spontaneous dissection of the coronary artery against the background of the influence of sex hormones is one of the mechanisms for the development of acute coronary syndrome in the postpartum period. The false lumen of the intramural hematoma overlaps the true lumen, causing arterial obstruction, leading to acute myocardial hypoxia. Thus, awareness that the pathophysiology of spontaneous coronary artery dissection differs from that of acute coronary syndrome associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture is important, and these patients require different treatment approaches. Currently, an unambiguous and precise strategy for this pathology has not been established, which is why difficulties remain in the management of these patients and choosing treatment strategies.

CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: The article describes a complex clinical case of the development of acute myocardial infarction in the postpartum period in a young woman without risk factors against the background of spontaneous dissection of the coronary artery, complicated by cardiogenic shock, which required emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting of the infarct-dependent artery. The postoperative period proceeded with complications, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was required. However, an integrated approach and correctly chosen treatment strategies help stabilize the patient’s condition.

CONCLUSION: Currently, no unambiguous and precise strategy of treatment has been established, so difficulties remain in the management of patients and decision making. In our opinion, an individual patient approach should be followed, taking into account the general state of the organism, type and volume of dissection, consequences and complications, and experience and technical capabilities of the clinic.

作者简介

Alena Anokhina

Regional Clinical Hospital; Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: alena.anohina.rus@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9528-762X
SPIN 代码: 9055-9403

cardiologist, department assistant

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Gennady Matyushin

Regional Clinical Hospital; Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

Email: matyushin1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0150-6092
SPIN 代码: 2398-1156

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, department head

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Sergei Ustyugov

Regional Clinical Hospital; Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

Email: ustyugoff-s@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3105-1946
SPIN 代码: 9045-7075

department head, associate professor

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Evgeny Kharkov

Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Karpovich Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: Harkov-50@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8208-0926
SPIN 代码: 1234-3885

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), department professor

俄罗斯联邦, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Elena Savchenko

Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Karpovich Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: lenasavchenko@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4438-1434
SPIN 代码: 2742-2621

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

俄罗斯联邦, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Petr Vlasov

Regional Clinical Hospital

Email: v.petrn@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-3646-3165

anesthesiologist-resuscitator

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk

Vadim Okhrimchuk

Regional Clinical Hospital

Email: vadim_esenin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7714-1942

anesthesiologist-resuscitator

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk

Valentin Skorobogatov

Regional Clinical Hospital

Email: vaal_z@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-6293-4098

cardiologist

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk

Ekaterina Popova

Regional Clinical Hospital

Email: veffy@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-8940-7612

cardiologist

俄罗斯联邦, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., 660022, Krasnoyarsk

Elnur Karaev

Karpovich Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: elnurmed@mail.ru

cardiologist

俄罗斯联邦, Krasnoyarsk

Natalya Tsibulskaya

Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Karpovich Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: solna33@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0122-0884
SPIN 代码: 4238-8156

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

俄罗斯联邦, Krasnoyarsk; Krasnoyarsk

Evgeny Ryabkov

Karpovich Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: ryabkov.ei@mail.ru

X-ray surgeon

俄罗斯联邦, Krasnoyarsk

参考

  1. Zhukova NS, Shakhnovich RM, Merkulova IN, et al. Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. Kardiologiia. 2019;59(9):52–60. (In Russ). doi: 10.18087/cardio.2019.9.10269
  2. Hayes SN, Kim ESH, Saw J, et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of the science: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(19):e523–e557. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000564
  3. Protasova EA, Furman NV, Titkov IV, et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection as a cause of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014;13(5):70–73. (In Russ). doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2014-5-70-73
  4. Vatutin NT, Taradin GG, Bort DV, et al. А cаsе of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (review and case report). The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2019;9(1):23–30. (In Russ). doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2019-9-1-23-30
  5. Alkhouli M, Cole M, Ling FS. Coronary artery fenestration prior to stenting in spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;88(1):E23–E27. doi: 10.1002/ccd.26161
  6. Kuznetsov AA, Namitokov AM, Sazhneva AV, et al. Spontaneous left coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period: a case report. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(3S):5059. (In Russ). doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5059
  7. Bockeria LA, Golukhova EZ, Petrosyan KV, et al. Spontaneous coronary dissection: case reports and literature review. Creative Cardiology. 2020;14(1):71–81. (In Russ). doi: 10.24022/1997-3187-2020-14-1-71-81
  8. Alquran L, Patel A, Safi L, Patel A. A rare case of multivessel SCAD successfully treated with conservative medical management. Case Rep Cardiol. 2020;2020:8468730. doi: 10.1155/2020/8468730

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2. Fig. 1. Electrocardiogram of the patient on admission.

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3. Fig. 2. Results of coronary angiography at admission and after percutaneous coronary intervention. The arrows indicate the sites of dissection of the coronary arteries. Note. The arrows indicate the sites of the coronary arteries dissection.

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