Hidden (added) sugar and clear cardiovascular risk: literature review
- Authors: Sergeeva V.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 14, No 2 (2023)
- Pages: 105-114
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2221-7185/article/view/146652
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CS399808
- ID: 146652
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption has long been of interest to researchers, and this has various causes, First, the "epidemic" of noninfectious socially significant diseases globally, i.e., obesity and diabetes mellitus, has huge effects on the healthcare systems. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be not only the most deadly for people with an overweight status, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases but also entailed consequences in the form of post-COVID syndrome, which can be considered a manifesto of new diseases. Not every modern person, even if he/she watches his/her diet, always takes into account the added or hidden sugars contained in usual products on the table. Moreover, awareness of this problem remains at a low level not only among patients but also doctors. A review and analysis of current data from international scientific journals on the effect of excessive sugar consumption on the cardiovascular system was conducted. A brief excursion into the history of the issue and its current state was given. The review also presents data from recent meta-analyses, narrative reviews, and observational studies on the changes in humans and animals that occur against the background of excessive consumption of sugars. The main pathogenic mechanisms of the effect of excessive consumption of mono- and disaccharides on the body are described in detail, which mainly included systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, progression of atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases, as a possible result of these influences.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Victoria A. Sergeeva
Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: viktoriasergeeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8737-4264
SPIN-code: 8365-0053
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor
Russian Federation, 112 Bolshaya Kazachia Str., 410012, SaratovReferences
- Baltic MZ, Boskovic M. When man met meat: Meat in human nutrition from ancient times till today. Proc Food Sci. 2015;5:6–9. doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.002
- Tappy L, Lê KA. Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2010;90(1):23–46. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2009
- Rivard C, Thomas J, Lanaspa MA, et al. Sack and sugar, and the aetiology of gout in England between 1650 and 1900. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(3):421–426. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes297
- Carbone S, Billingsley HE, Lavie CJ. The Effects of Dietary Sugars on Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality: Finding the Sweet Spot. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(12):2375–2377. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.10.017
- Elmore BJ. Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism. New York: W.W. Norton & Company; 2015.
- Yang Q, Zhang Z, Gregg EW, et al. Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among US adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(4):516–524. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13563
- Yudkin J. Sugar and ischaemic heart disease. Practitioner. 1967;198(187):680–683.
- Faruque S, Tong J, Lacmanovic V, et al. The Dose Makes the Poison: Sugar and Obesity in the United States — a Review. Pol J Food Nutr Sci. 2019;69(3):219–233. doi: 10.31883/pjfns/110735
- Johnson RK, Appel LJ, Brands M, et al. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;120(11):1011–1020. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627
- Rosstat izuchil ratsion rossiyan [Internet]. Federal'naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki [cited 22 June 2023]. Available from: http:// rosstat.gov.ru/folder/313/document/70761
- Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2010;121(11):1356–1364. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA
- Prasad K, Dhar I. Oxidative stress as a mechanism of added sugar-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Angiol. 2014;23(4):217–226. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1387169
- Basu S, Yoffe P, Hills N, Lustig RH. The relationship of sugar to population-level diabetes prevalence: an econometric analysis of repeated cross-sectional data. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057873
- Goran MI, Ulijaszek SJ, Ventura EE. High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: a global perspective. Glob Public Health. 2013;8(1):55–64. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2012.736257
- DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH, Lucan SC. Added fructose: A principal driver of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its consequences. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(3):372–381. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.019
- Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1322–1334. doi: 10.1172/JCI37385
- Bray GA, Popkin BM. Calorie-sweetened beverages and fructose: What have we learned 10 years later. Pediatr Obes. 2013;8(4):242–248. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00171.x
- Qi Q, Chu AY, Kang JH, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and genetic risk of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(15):1387–1396. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203039
- Davis JN, Lê KA, Walker RW, et al. Increased hepatic fat in overweight Hispanic youth influenced by interaction between genetic variation in PNPLA3 and high dietary carbohydrate and sugar consumption. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(6):1522–1527. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.30185
- Choi JW, Ford ES, Gao X, Choi HK. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(1):109–116. doi: 10.1002/art.23245
- Malik VS, Hu FB. The role of sugar-sweetened beverages in the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(4):205–218. doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00627-6
- Tran LT, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. The fructose-fed rat: a review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009;332(1–2):145–159. doi: 10.1007/s11010-009-0184-4
- Dhar I, Dhar A, Wu L, Desai KM. Increased methylglyoxal formation with upregulation of renin angiotensin system in fructose fed Sprague Dawley rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074212
- Liu Q, Ayoub-Charette S, Khan TA, et al. Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(24):e010977. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010977
- Brownlee M. The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism. Diabetes. 2005;54(6):1615–1625. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1615
- Nguyen S, Choi HK, Lustig RH, Hsu CY. Sugar-sweetened beverages, serum uric acid, and blood pressure in adolescents. J Pediatr. 2009;154(6):807–813. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.015
- Aeberli I, Gerber PA, Hochuli M, et al. Low to moderate sugar-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes inflammation in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(2):479–485. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.013540
- Qi X, Chiavaroli L, Lee D, et al. Effect of Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):3986. doi: 10.3390/nu14193986
- Sørensen LB, Raben A, Stender S, Astrup A. Effect of sucrose on inflammatory markers in overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(2):421–427. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.82.2.421
- Valencia AP, Nagaraj N, Osman DH, et al. Are fat and sugar just as detrimental in old age? Geroscience. 2021;43(4):1615–1625. doi: 10.1007/s11357-021-00390-6
- Zhou X, Zhang X, Niu D, et al. Gut microbiota induces hepatic steatosis by modulating the T cells balance in high fructose diet mice. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):6701. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33806-8
- Sen T, Cawthon CR, Ihde BT, et al. Diet-driven microbiota dysbiosis is associated with vagal remodeling and obesity. Physiol Behav. 2017;173:305–317. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.027
- Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, et al. Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018;68(5):1063–1075. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.019
- Loktionova IL, Pokrovskiy MV, Ragulina VA. The status of vascular endothelium function in infectious diseases of various etiologies. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo госуdarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Meditsina. Farmatsiya. 2012;123(4–1):20–31. (In Russ).
- Daiber A, Steven S, Weber A, et al. Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;174(12):1591–1619. doi: 10.1111/bph.13517
- Poznyak AV, Bharadwaj D, Prasad G, et al. Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(13):6702. doi: 10.3390/ijms22136702
- Badimon L, Vilahur G. Thrombosis formation on atherosclerotic lesions and plaque rupture. J Intern Med. 2014;276(6):618–632. doi: 10.1111/joim.12296
- Loader J, Meziat C, Watts R, et al. Effects of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption on Microvascular and Macrovascular Function in a Healthy Population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37(6):1250–1260. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.308010
- Vasanji Z, Cantor EJ, Juric D, et al. Alterations in cardiac contractile performance and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in sucrose-fed rats is associated with insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006;291(4):C772–C780. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00086.2005
- Chang KC, Liang JT, Tseng CD, et al. Aminoguanidine prevents fructose-induced deterioration in left ventricular-arterial coupling in Wistar rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;151(3):341–346. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707223
- Davidoff AJ, Mason MM, Davidson MB, et al. Sucrose-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction is both preventable and reversible with clinically relevant treatments. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;286(5):E718–E724. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2003
- Dutta K, Podolin DA, Davidson MB, Davidoff AJ. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction in sucrose-fed rats is associated with insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2001;50(5):1186–1192. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1186
- Prasad K, Kalra J, Bharadwaj L. Cardiac depressant effects of oxygen free radicals. Angiology. 1993;44(4):257–270. doi: 10.1177/000331979304400401
- Gowen BH, Reyes MV, Joseph LC, Morrow JP. Mechanisms of Chronic Metabolic Stress in Arrhythmias. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(10):1012. doi: 10.3390/antiox9101012
- Cheng WL, Li SJ, Lee TI, et al. Sugar Fructose Triggers Gut Dysbiosis and Metabolic Inflammation with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines. 2021;9(7):728. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9070728
- Ji Y, Yin Y, Sun L, Zhang W. The Molecular and Mechanistic Insights Based on Gut-Liver Axis: Nutritional Target for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Improvement. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(9):3066. doi: 10.3390/ijms21093066
- Wang Y, Qi W, Song G, et al. High-Fructose Diet Increases Inflammatory Cytokines and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:6672636. doi: 10.1155/2020/6672636
- Mantovani A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A New Aspect of the Liver-heart Axis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2017;5(2):134–141. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2017.00005
- Mantovani A, Dauriz M, Sandri D, et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of atrial fibrillation in adult individuals: An updated meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2019;39(4):758–769. doi: 10.1111/liv.14044
- Chan YH, Chang GJ, Lai YJ, et al. Atrial fibrillation and its arrhythmogenesis associated with insulin resistance. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s12933-019-0928-8
- Sergeeva VA, Lipatova TE. Lifestyle Changes in Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice. 2022;1:64–71. (In Russ). doi: 10.37489/2588-0519-2022-1-64-71
- Sergeeva VA, Lipatova TE. Sarcopenia associated with COVID-19. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2022;25(11):105–112. (In Russ). doi: 10.17116/profmed202225111105