Hidden (added) sugar and clear cardiovascular risk: literature review

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Abstract

Excessive sugar consumption has long been of interest to researchers, and this has various causes, First, the "epidemic" of noninfectious socially significant diseases globally, i.e., obesity and diabetes mellitus, has huge effects on the healthcare systems. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be not only the most deadly for people with an overweight status, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases but also entailed consequences in the form of post-COVID syndrome, which can be considered a manifesto of new diseases. Not every modern person, even if he/she watches his/her diet, always takes into account the added or hidden sugars contained in usual products on the table. Moreover, awareness of this problem remains at a low level not only among patients but also doctors. A review and analysis of current data from international scientific journals on the effect of excessive sugar consumption on the cardiovascular system was conducted. A brief excursion into the history of the issue and its current state was given. The review also presents data from recent meta-analyses, narrative reviews, and observational studies on the changes in humans and animals that occur against the background of excessive consumption of sugars. The main pathogenic mechanisms of the effect of excessive consumption of mono- and disaccharides on the body are described in detail, which mainly included systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, progression of atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases, as a possible result of these influences.

About the authors

Victoria A. Sergeeva

Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: viktoriasergeeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8737-4264
SPIN-code: 8365-0053

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

Russian Federation, 112 Bolshaya Kazachia Str., 410012, Saratov

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2. Fig. 1. Effects of excessive sugar consumption on the cardiovascular system. Note. ТГ — triglycerides, ЛПНП — low density lipoproteins, ЛПВП — high density lipoproteins, СРБ — C-reactive protein, ФНО-α — tumor necrosis factor alpha.

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