Exploring the link between vitamin D and lipid profile in thyroid disorders: a comparative analysis of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and healthy control group
- Authors: Hamad Awla A.1, Jalal Hamadamin B.1, Omar S.1, Hamadameen W.2
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Affiliations:
- University of Raparin
- Smart Health Tower
- Issue: Vol 16, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 21-33
- Section: Original study articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2221-7185/article/view/309733
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/CS631331
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HBHXTS
- ID: 309733
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, are prevalent worldwide, affecting millions. Both thyroid hormone and vitamin D status regulate lipid metabolism, maintain cellular function via steroid receptors, and may influence each other's actions through similar gene response areas.
AIM: This study aims to compare the lipid profile and vitamin D status levels in patients with thyroid disorders to those of healthy controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included 225 individuals: 76 with hyperthyroidism, 75 with hypothyroidism, and 74 healthy controls. Blood serum samples were analyzed for concentrations of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), Free Thyroxine (FT4), lipid profile, and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D.
RESULTS: Hypothyroidism patients exhibited significantly higher mean values of TSH (26.29±14.89 mU/L; p <0.001), BMI (24.16±3.62 kg/m2; p <0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (220.23±26.41 mg/dL; p <0.001), triglycerides (TG) (134.53±21.37 mg/dL; p <0.001), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (144.6±25.53 mg/dL; p <0.001), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (26.90±4.27 mg/dL; p <0.001), and non-HDL cholesterol (157.50±29.63 mg/dL; p=0.032) compared to controls and hyperthyroidism patients. They also exhibited significantly lower mean levels of FT3 (0.535±0.71 ng/mL; p <0.001) and FT4 (10.95±6.41 pmol/L; p <0.001). Vitamin D levels were lower in hypothyroidism patients (25.30±13.69 ng/mL; p=0.035) compared to healthy controls (29.43±16.37 ng/mL) but higher than hyperthyroidism patients (23.02±15.55 ng/mL). A majority (60%) of hypothyroidism patients were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL; p <0.001).TSH showed a significant positive correlation with lipid parameters (p <0.05) except for High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), which was inversely correlated. Vitamin D levels demonstrated a significant positive correlation with HDL-C across all groups (p <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that thyroid disorders are closely associated with vitamin D levels and lipid metabolism. There is a confirmed link between vitamin D, lipid profile, and cardiovascular risks in patients with thyroid disorders.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Awat Hamad Awla
University of Raparin
Author for correspondence.
Email: Awat.hamad@uor.edu.krd
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4265-0453
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region
Badinan Jalal Hamadamin
University of Raparin
Email: badinan.jalal@uor.edu.krd
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5690-2132
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region
Sleman Yousif Omar
University of Raparin
Email: 8063sleman.yousif@uor.edu.krd
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9796-8063
Iraq, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region
Wafa Ahmed Hamadameen
Smart Health Tower
Email: Wafa.a.mangury@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2506-2569
Iraq, Sulaimani, Kurdistan
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