The role of RNA viruses in human cancers

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Abstract

Many RNA viruses have been reported to be oncogenic (or carcinogenic) in a variety of animal and human cancers. The increase in the incidence and prevalence of cancer-causing viruses in human populations can be known as a key precursor to the development of various cancers. The retrovirus family and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are also reported to cause cancer. Viral oncoproteins such as Tax of HTLV 1 interacts with cellular ubiquitination complex such as cyclindromatosis tumor suppressor, ubiquitin-specific proteases 7, 11, 15 and 20, A-20 and signal-transducing adaptor molecule binding protein-like-1 in order to improve the cellular signaling pathways. The viral oncoproteins binding to DUB, leading to proliferation of virus-infected cells and cell transformation. Proto-oncogenes (c-onc genes) are the cellular form of v-onc genes. The activation of c-onc genes leads to cell growth. C-onc genes are transformed into an oncogenic form by viral infection. C-onc genes play some roles such as protein kinases, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and DNA binding proteins. The study of transforming retroviruses and their oncogenes and the multiple mechanisms deployed by other RNA viruses to use the growth-suppressive and proapoptotic function of tumor suppressor genes has been added to our current understanding of cancer biology. Oncogenic RNA viruses are important experimental models to study molecular investigation such as cellular networks, including the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Understanding of different strategies of RNA viruses as well as the function of their proteins helps to make more extensive plans regarding the adoption of follow-up, prevention and treatment strategies in cancer patients caused by viral origin.

About the authors

M. Fazlalipour

Pasteur Institute of Iran

Author for correspondence.
Email: mfp.virology@gmail.com

PhD in Virology; PhD in Virology; Assistant Professor, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies; Assistant Professor, Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

Iran, Islamic Republic of, Tehran

H.R. Mollaei

Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Email: mfp.virology@gmail.com

PhD in Virology; Assistant Professor

Iran, Islamic Republic of, Kerman

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Supplementary files

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2. Figure 1. Multiple roles of DUBs in Viral and Host systems

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3. Figure 2. Schematic depiction of the major biological activities that contribute to the transforming activities of HTLV-1

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4. Figure 3. Chronic virus infection and cell stress. Sequential steps from virus infection through cell stress and leading to liver injury and HCC are shown

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5. Figure 4. Schematic depiction of the major biological activities that contribute to the transforming activities of HCV

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