Differences in complete blood count parameters in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis based on vaccination status (literature review)

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Relevance. Due to the large-scale vaccination campaigns against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus taking place worldwide, the question arises as to how vaccination may affect complete blood count (CBC) parameters in COVID-19 cases. Research objective: assess differences in complete blood count parameters in COVID-19 patients based on their vaccination status.

Materials and methods. A review of publications was conducted describing and presenting the complete blood count parameters in patients with verified COVID-19, by stratifying them into vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals against the SARS-CoV-2 virus-caused disease. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of the results for each CBC parameter was carried out by describing identified differences among patients with mild and moderate COVID-19, lacking comorbidities affecting CBC indicators.

Results. The analysis conducted allowed to determine that the complete blood count parameters do not exceed the reference range in most cases in both groups, excepting those of individuals with a severe disease course. The exception is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (42 [20.5–63.5] (∑n = 107, Me [Q1–Q3])) mm/h in unvaccinated individuals. Also, a slightly lower absolute lymphocyte count is observed in vaccinated individuals (0.95 [0.58–1.62] × 109/L (∑n = 441, Me [Q1–Q3])). There is a twofold greater range of leukocyte quartile values in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals: 7.07 [4.07–12.31] × 109/L (∑n = 555, Me [Q1–Q3]) vs 5.68 [4.02–8.34] × 109/L (∑n = 2202, Me [Q1–Q3]). A similar pattern is observed for monocytes.

Conclusion. Conducting a meta-analysis of laboratory parameters in COVID-19 cases among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals allows for determining the effectiveness of vaccination as well as identify the major trends in dynamic changes for essential blood parameters among unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals in general or with certain immunobiological preparations.

About the authors

A. V. Konyuhov

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: poiuytyui@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0281-6903

Resident of the Department of Epidemiology and Modern Technologies Vaccination, Doctor-epidemiologist, Clinic for Professional and Professionally-induced Diseases

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

A. M. Kostinova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); National Research Center — Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia

Email: poiuytyui@yandex.ru

Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Researcher, Department of Immunopathology

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

M. N. Loktionova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Central Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: poiuytyui@yandex.ru

PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Senior researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiology of Natural Focal Infections

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

M. P. Kostinov

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera

Email: poiuytyui@yandex.ru

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, RAS Corresponding Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Head of the Laboratory for Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

A. S. Pechenik

N.E. Bauman Clinical City Hospital No. 29

Email: poiuytyui@yandex.ru

PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Doctor-Epidemiologist

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Абдуллаев Р.Ю., Комиссарова О.Г. Лабораторные проявления коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 // Врач. 2020. Т. 31, № 5. С. 3–6. [Abdulayev R.Y., Komissarova O.G. Laboratory manifestations of coronavirus infection COVID-19. Vrach = The Doctor, 2020, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3–6. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.29296/25877305-2020-05-01
  2. Анаев Э.Х., Княжеская Н.П. Коагулопатия при COVID-19: фокус на антикоагулянтную терапию // Практическая пульмонология. 2020. № 1. С. 3–13. [Anaev E.Kh., Knyazheskaya N.P. Coagulopathy in COVID-19: focus on anticoagulant therapy. Prakticheskaya pul’monologiya = Practical Pulmonology, 2020, no. 1, pp. 3–13. (In Russ.)]
  3. Бенуни Н.А., Котусов А.С., Аджиева Ф.С., Кучер А.Е., Толмачева К.А., Душук В.Н., Масленников Р.В. Вакцинация и смертность больных COVID-19: глобальный подход // Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022. Т. 32, № 3. С. 23–28. [Benuni N.A., Kotusov A.S., Adzhieva F.S., Kucher A.E., Tolmacheva K.A., Dushuk V.N., Maslennikov R.V. Vaccination and mortality of patients with a novel Coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a global approach. Rossiiskii zhurnal gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii = Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology, 2022, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 23–28. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-3-23-28
  4. Вечорко В.И., Евсиков Е.М., Байкова О.А., Левчук Н.Н. Характер изменения гематологических показателей у больных COVID-19 // Профилактическая медицина. 2020. Т. 23, № 8. С. 57–63. [Vechorko V.I., Evsikov E.M., Baykova O.A., Levchuk N.N. Character of changes in hematological parameters in patients with COVID-19. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = Preventive Medicine, 2020, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 57–63. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.17116/profmed20202308157
  5. Волчков В.А., Титова О.Н., Рукавишникова С.А., Ахмедов Т.А., Пушкин А.С., Сагинбаев У.Р., Давыдова Е.П. Иммунопрофилактика COVID-19 в аспектах разных возрастных групп // Патологическая физиология и экспериментальная терапия. 2022. Т. 66, № 2. С. 66–71. [Volchkov V., Titova O., Rukavishnikova S., Akhmedov T., Pushkin A., Saginbaev U., Davydova E. Immunoprophylaxis COVID-19 in aspects of different age groups. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya i eksperimental’naya terapiya = Pathological Physiology and Experimental Therapy, 2022, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 66–71. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.25557/0031-2991.2022.02.66-71
  6. Галстян Г.М. Коагулопатия при COVID-19 // Пульмонология. 2020. Т. 30, № 5. С. 645–657. [Galstyan G.M. Coagulopathy in COVID-19. Pul’monologiya = Pulmonology, 2020, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 645–657. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-5-645-657
  7. Миронова А.А., Наркевич А.Н., Шестерня П.А. Результативность вакцинации против новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) в Красноярском крае // Экология человека. 2021. № 10. С. 13–20. [Mironova А.А., Narkevich А.N., Shesternya P.A. The effectiveness of vaccination against the new coronavirus infection (Covid-19) in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ekologiya cheloveka = Human Ecology, 2021, no. 10, pp. 13–20. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-10-13-20
  8. Некрасова Л.А., Джайн М., Губенко Н.С., Будко А.А., Самоходская Л.М., Орлова Я.А., Камалов А.А. Возможность использования показателей клинического анализа крови в оценке воспалительного статуса пациентов с COVID-19 // Клиническая практика. 2022. Т. 13, № 1. С. 14–21. [Nekrasova L.A., Jain M., Gubenko N.S., Budko A.A., Samokhodskaya L.M., Orlova I.A., Kamalov A.A. Possibility of blood test parameters usage in the evaluation of COVID-19 patients’ inflammatory status. Klinicheskaya praktika = Journal of Clinical Practice, 2022, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 14–21. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.17816/clinpract80111
  9. Сомова Л.М., Коцюрбий Е.А., Дробот Е.И., Ляпун И.Н., Щелканов М.Ю. Клинико-морфологические проявления дисфункции иммунной системы при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 // Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2021. Т. 10, № 1. С. 11–20. [Somova L.M., Kotsyurbiy E.A., Drobot E.I., Lyapun I.N., Shchelkanov M.Yu. Clinical and morphological manifestations of immune system dysfunction in new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Klinicheskaya i eksperimental’naya morfologiya = Clinical and Experimental Morphology, 2021, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 11–20. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.11-20
  10. Сурикова Н.А., Либис Р.А. Распространенность новой коронавирусной инфекции и ее осложнений у людей с сердечно-сосудистыми факторами риска // Альманах молодой науки. 2021. № 4(43). С. 7–9. [Surykova N.A., Libis R.A. Prevalence of the new coronavirus infection and its complications in people with cardiovascular risk factors. Al’manakh molodoi nauki = Almanac of Young Science, 2021, no. 4(43), pp. 7–9. (In Russ.)]
  11. Хрыщанович В.Я. Принципы ведения пациентов с венозной тромбоэмболией в период пандемии COVID-19 // Новости хирургии. 2020. Т. 28, № 3. С. 329–338. [Khryshchanovich V.Ya. Management principles of patients with venous thromboembolism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Novosti Khirurgii = Surgery News, 2020, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 329–338. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2020.3.329
  12. Шестакова М.В., Мокрышева Н.Г., Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет в условиях вирусной пандемии COVID-19: особенности течения и лечения // Сахарный диабет. 2020. Т. 23, № 2. С. 132–139. [Shestakova M.V., Mokrysheva N.G., Dedov I.I. Course and treatment of diabetes mellitus in the context of COVID-19. Sakharnyi diabet = Diabetes Mellitus, 2020, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 132–139. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM12418
  13. Arentz M., Yim E., Klaff L., Lokhandwala S., Riedo F.X., Chong M., Lee M. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA, 2020, vol. 323, no. 16, pp. 1612–1614. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4326
  14. Busic N., Lucijanic T., Barsic B., Luksic I., Busic I., Kurdija G., Barbic L., Kunstek S., Jelic T., Lucijanic M. Vaccination provides protection from respiratory deterioration and death among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: differences between vector and mRNA vaccines. J. Med. Virol., 2022, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2849–2854. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27666
  15. Buttenschøn H.N., Lynggaard V., Sandbøl S.G., Glassou E.N., Haagerup A. Comparison of the clinical presentation across two waves of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect. Dis., 2022, vol. 22, no. 1: 423. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07413-3
  16. Fan B.E., Chong V.C.L., Chan S.S.W., Lim G.H., Lim K.G.E., Tan G.B., Mucheli S.S., Kuperan P., Ong K.H. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection. Am. J. Hematol., 2020, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. E131–E134. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25774
  17. Francis A.I., Ghany S., Gilkes T., Umakanthan S. Review of COVID-19 vaccine subtypes, efficacy and geographical distributions. Postgrad. Med. J., 2022, vol. 98, no. 1159, pp. 389–394. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140654 (25.09.2023)
  18. Giraudo C., Guarnieri G., Molena B., Caminati M., Stramare R., Vianello A. The lung-protective effect of prior mRNA vaccination on breakthrough COVID-19 patients receiving high flow nasal oxygen for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. Pulmonology, 2023, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 421–423. doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.07.003
  19. Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., Liang W.H., Ou C.Q., He J.X., Liu L., Shan H., Lei C.L., Hui D.S.C, Du B., Li L.J., Zeng G., Yuen K.Y., Chen R.C., Tang C.L., Wang T., Chen P.Y., Xiang J., Li S.Y., Wang J.L., Liang Z.J., Peng Y.X., Wei L., Liu Y., Hu Y.H., Peng P., Wang J.M., Liu J.Y., Chen Z., Li G., Zheng Z.J., Qiu S.Q., Luo J., Ye C.J., Zhu S.Y., Zhong N.S.; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, vol. 382, no. 18, pp. 1708–1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
  20. Korber B., Fischer W.M., Gnanakaran S., Yoon H., Theiler J., Abfalterer W., Hengartner N., Giorgi E.E., Bhattacharya T., Foley B., Hastie K.M., Parker M.D., Partridge D.G., Evans C.M., Freeman T.M., de Silva T.I.; Sheffield COVID-19 Genomics Group; McDanal C., Perez L.G., Tang H., Moon-Walker A., Whelan S.P., LaBranche C.C., Saphire E.O., Montefiori D.C. Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus. Cell, 2020, vol. 182, no. 4, pp. 812–827.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043
  21. Kurbonova Z.Ch., Babadzhanova Sh.A., Serdal Korkmaz, Muminov O.A., Khushbokova G.U. Blood measures in patients with COVID-19. Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development, 2023, vol. 13, pp. 118–123. URL: https://sjird.journalspark.org/index.php/sjird/article/view/588
  22. Lawton G. Your guide to the new vaccine. New Sci., 2020, vol. 248, no. 3312, pp. 8–10. doi: 10.1016/S0262-4079(20)32149-7
  23. Li T., Lu H., Zhang W. Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients. Emerg. Microbes. Infect., 2020, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 687–690. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1741327
  24. Li X., Xu Y., Li X., Liu W., Yao D., Chen W., Yu H., He L., Lu S., Jiang C., Zhu W., Meng L. Real-world effectiveness and protection of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Xi’an, China, December 8, 2021, to January 20, 2022: a retrospective study. Front. Immunol., 2022, vol. 13: 978977. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978977
  25. Lippi G., Plebani M., Henry B.M. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis. Clin. Chim. Acta., 2020, vol. 506, pp. 145–148. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.022
  26. Logunov D.Y., Dolzhikova I.V., Shcheblyakov D.V., Tukhvatulin A.I., Zubkova O.V., Dzharullaeva A.S., Kovyrshina A.V., Lubenets N.L., Grousova D.M., Erokhova A.S., Botikov A.G., Izhaeva F.M., Popova O., Ozharovskaya T.A., Esmagambetov I.B., Favorskaya I.A., Zrelkin D.I., Voronina D.V., Shcherbinin D.N., Semikhin A.S., Simakova Y.V., Tokarskaya E.A., Egorova D.A., Shmarov M.M., Nikitenko N.A., Gushchin V.A., Smolyarchuk E.A., Zyryanov S.K., Borisevich S.V., Naroditsky B.S., Gintsburg A.L.; Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. Lancet, 2021, vol. 397, no. 10275, pp. 671–681. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00234-8
  27. Lupia T., Corcione S., Shbaklo N., Boglione L., Torresan S., Pinna S.M., Rizzello B., Bosio R., Fornari V., Brusa M.T., Borrè S., De Rosa F.G. Real-life experience of Molnupiravir in hospitalized patients who developed SARS-CoV2-infection: preliminary results from CORACLE registry. Antibiotics (Basel)., 2022, vol. 11, no. 11: 1541. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111541
  28. Mahase E. Covid-19: Moderna applies for US and EU approval as vaccine trial reports 94.1% efficacy. BMJ, 2020, vol. 371: m4709. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4709
  29. Nordström P., Ballin M., Nordström A. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and COVID-19 hospitalisation in individuals with natural and hybrid immunity: a retrospective, total population cohort study in Sweden. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2022, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 781–790. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00143-8
  30. Pawlowski C., Lenehan P., Puranik A., Agarwal V., Venkatakrishnan A.J., Niesen M.J.M., O’Horo J.C., Virk A., Swift M.D., Badley A.D., Halamka J., Soundararajan V. FDA-authorized mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are effective per real-world evidence synthesized across a multi-state health system. Med, 2021, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 979–992.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.06.007
  31. Rahman S., Rahman M.M., Miah M., Begum M.N., Sarmin M., Mahfuz M., Hossain M.E., Rahman M.Z., Chisti M.J., Ahmed T., Arifeen S.E., Rahman M. COVID-19 reinfections among naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. Sci. Rep., 2022, vol. 12, no. 1: 1438. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05325-5
  32. Suzuki K., Ichikawa T., Suzuki S., Tanino Y., Kakinoki Y. Clinical characteristics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant compared with the delta variant: a retrospective case-control study of 318 outpatients from a single sight institute in Japan. Peer J., 2022, vol. 10: e13762. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13762
  33. Ticinesi A., Parise A., Cerundolo N., Nouvenne A., Prati B., Chiussi G., Guerra A., Meschi T. Multimorbidity and frailty are the key characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 breakthrough infection during Delta variant predominance in Italy: a retrospective study. J. Clin. Med., 2022, vol. 11, no. 18: 5442. doi: 10.3390/jcm11185442
  34. Voysey M., Clemens S.A.C., Madhi S.A., Weckx L.Y., Folegatti P.M., Aley P.K., Angus B., Baillie V.L., Barnabas S.L., Bhorat Q.E., Bibi S., Briner C., Cicconi P., Collins A.M., Colin-Jones R., Cutland C.L., Darton T.C., Dheda K., Duncan C.J.A, Emary K.R.W., Ewer K.J., Fairlie L., Faust S.N., Feng S., Ferreira D.M., Finn A., Goodman A.L., Green C.M., Green C.A., Heath P.T., Hill C., Hill H., Hirsch I., Hodgson S.H.C., Izu A., Jackson S., Jenkin D., Joe C.C.D., Kerridge S., Koen A., Kwatra G., Lazarus R., Lawrie A.M., Lelliott A., Libri V., Lillie P.J., Mallory R., Mendes A.V.A., Milan E.P., Minassian A.M., McGregor A., Morrison H., Mujadidi Y.F., Nana A., O’Reilly P.J., Padayachee S.D., Pittella A., Plested E., Pollock K.M., Ramasamy M.N., Rhead S., Schwarzbold A.V., Singh N., Smith A., Song R., Snape M.D., Sprinz E., Sutherland R.K., Tarrant R., Thomson E.C., Török M.E., Toshner M., Turner D.P.J., Vekemans J., Villafana T.L., Watson M.E.E., Williams C.J., Douglas A.D., Hill A.V.S., Lambe T., Gilbert S.C., Pollard A.J.; Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet, 2021, vol. 397, no. 10269, pp. 99–111. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1
  35. Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J., Wang B., Xiang H., Cheng Z., Xiong Y., Zhao Y., Li Y., Wang X., Peng Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 2020, vol. 323, no. 11: 1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  36. WHO. Status of COVID-19 vaccines within WHO EUL/PQ evaluation process. URL: https://extranet.who.int/prequal/sites/default/files/document_files/Status_COVID_VAX_08AUgust2023.pdf (25.09.2023)
  37. Yang X., Yu Y., J. Xu, Shu H., Xia J., Liu H., Wu Y., Zhang L., Yu Z., Fang M., Yu T., Wang Y., Pan S., Zou X., Yuan S., Shang Y. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 475–481. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
  38. Xie G., Ding F., Han L., Yin D., Lu H., Zhang M. The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID-19 patients. Allergy, 2021, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 471–482. doi: 10.1111/all.14465
  39. Xu S., Huang R., Sy L.S., Glenn S.C., Ryan D.S., Morrissette K., Shay D.K., Vazquez-Benitez G., Glanz J.M., Klein N.P., McClure D., Liles E.G., Weintraub E.S., Tseng H.F., Qian L. COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 mortality risk — seven integrated health care organizations, United States, December 14, 2020 — July 31, 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 2021, vol. 70, no. 43, pp. 1520–1524. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7043e2
  40. Young B.E., Sean-Wei X.O., Kalimuddin S., Low J.G., Tan S.Y., Loh J., Ng O.-T., Marimuthu K., Ang L.W., Mak T.M., Lau S.K., Anderson D.E., Chan K.S., Tan T.Y., Ng T.Y., Cui L., Zubaidah S., Kurupatham L., Chen M.I.-C., Chan M., Vasoo S., Wang L.F., Tan B.H., Tzer R. Lin P., Jian V., Lee M., Leo Y.-S., Lye D.C. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA, 2020, vol. 323, no. 15, pp. 1488–1494. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3204
  41. Zawbaa H.M., Osama H., El-Gendy A., Saeed H., Harb H.S., Madney Y.M., Abdelrahman M., Mohsen M., Ali A.M.A., Nicola M., Elgendy M.O., Ibrahim I.A., Abdelrahim M.E.A. Effect of mutation and vaccination on spread, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 disease. J. Med. Virol., 2022, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 197–204. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27293
  42. Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Zh., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., Guan L., Wei Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu Sh., Zhang Y., Chen H., Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, pp. 1054–1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
  43. Zhou Y., Nishikawa M., Kanno H., Yang R., Ibayashi Y., Xiao T.H., Peterson W., Herbig M., Nitta N., Miyata S., Kanthi Y., Rohde G.K., Moriya K., Yatomi Y., Goda K. Long-term effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccinations on platelets. Cytometry A, 2023, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 162–167. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.24677
  44. Zinellu E., Zinellu A., Merella M., Mangoni A.A., Pau M.C., Fois S.S., Fois A.G., Carru C., Pirina P. Vaccination status and number of vaccine doses are independently associated with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio on admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Vaccines (Basel), 2022, vol. 10, no. 9: 1424. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10091424

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Figure 1. Median values of WBC in vaccinated (A) and unvaccinated (B) patients with COVID-19 and their comparison (C)

Download (445KB)
Indexing metadata
3. Figure 2. Median values of HGB in vaccinated (A) and unvaccinated (B) patients with COVID-19 and their comparison (C)

Download (412KB)
Indexing metadata
4. Figure 3. Median values of PLT in vaccinated (A) and unvaccinated (B) patients with COVID-19 and their comparison (C)

Download (487KB)
Indexing metadata
5. Figure 4. Median values of LYM in vaccinated (A) and unvaccinated (B) patients with COVID-19 and their comparison (C)

Download (418KB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2024 Konyuhov A.V., Kostinova A.M., Loktionova M.N., Kostinov M.P., Pechenik A.S.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies