A herd immunity to rubella virus in selected geographical regions
- Authors: Lavrentieva I.N.1, Bichurina M.A.1, Antipova A.Y.1, Camara J.2, Hoang M.3, Bancevic M.D.4, Zheleznova N.V.1, Egorova S.A.1, Totolian A.A.1
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Affiliations:
- St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
- Gamal Abdel Nasser University
- Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City
- Institute for Virology, Vaccine and Sera “TORLAK”
- Issue: Vol 12, No 5 (2022)
- Pages: 902-908
- Section: ORIGINAL ARTICLES
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2220-7619/article/view/119145
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-AHI-2015
- ID: 119145
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Abstract
Since 2017, the incidence rate of rubella in the Russian Federation has been below 1 case per million total population. In addition, no circulation of endemic strains of the rubella virus is recorded evidencing about achieving infection elimination phase. In modern conditions, it is important to constantly monitor the level of herd immunity to the rubella virus to identify epidemically significant population groups, especially in countries lacking rubella vaccination or featured with insufficient disease control. Purpose: to study herd immunity to the rubella virus in selected countries in Eurasia and Africa. Materials and methods. Between 2018 and 2021, 15,594 samples of blood sera were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to the rubella virus from subjects of different ages obtained from regional measles and rubella surveillance centers in the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Serbia, South Vietnam, and the Republic of Guinea. The “Anti-Rubella Virus ELISA (IgМ)” and “Anti-Rubella Virus ELISA (IgG)” (Euroimmun, Germany) test kits were used. Statistical data processing was carried out using the MS Excel, Prizm 5.0 (GraphPad Software Inc.), and Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft Inc.) software package. Results. During the observation period (2018–2020) the population seroprevalence of the to the rubella virus in the NWFD of the Russian Federation was 96.6–97.7% and fluctuated slightly both in separate years and among individual age groups evidencing about high coverage of rubella vaccination. In the Republic of Serbia conducting two-fold immunization against rubella the overall seroprevalence rate was lower than in the Russian Federation and comprising 86.8%. The minimum number of IgG-positive sera was recorded in the 2–4-year-old age group pointing to the shortcomings of routine vaccination. In South Vietnam, children aged 1–3 years (41.9%) predominated among those recovering from rubella, i.e. the age cohort that should be protected by vaccination at the age of 18 months. No rubella vaccination is carried out in Guinea. The total proportion of seropositive individuals was 75%; herd immunity to the rubella virus was established mainly among children and adolescents, reaching 90% only in the older age group. 30% of unprotected subjects of the most active reproductive age were identified among the females surveyed in Guinea. Conclusion. Insufficient herd immunity to the rubella virus, identified in a number of countries, may contribute to the maintenance of the infectious process and the spread of infection. Globalization contributes to the virus importation into regions being at the stage of measles and rubella elimination. The results obtained suggest about a need to continue efforts aimed at maintaining epidemiological wellbeing regarding rubella in diverse countries of the world.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
I. N. Lavrentieva
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Author for correspondence.
Email: pasteur.lawr@mail.ru
PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Virology
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgM. A. Bichurina
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Email: poliospb@nr3854.spb.edu
PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of the Virological Laboratory of the Measles and Rubella Elimination Center
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgA. Yu. Antipova
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Email: anti130403@mail.ru
PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Virology
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgJ. Camara
Gamal Abdel Nasser University
Email: Jacob2240@gmail.com
Researcher, Laboratory of Hemorrhagic Fevers
Guinea, ConakryM. Hoang
Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City
Email: hoangminh_bio@yahoo.com
Researcher, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh CityM. D. Bancevic
Institute for Virology, Vaccine and Sera “TORLAK”
Email: mbancevic@torlak.rs
PhD, MD (Medicine), Specialist in Medical Microbiology, Head of National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella
Serbia, BelgradeN. V. Zheleznova
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Email: nzhel@mail.ru
PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgS. A. Egorova
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Email: egorova72@mail.ru
PhD, MD (Medicine), Deputy Director for Innovation
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgA. A. Totolian
St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Email: totolian@spbraaci.ru
RAS Full Member, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor
Russian Federation, St. PetersburgReferences
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