编号 4 (2024)
Guest of the volume
Monitoring of external migration processes as a tool of regional migration policy
摘要
The dual nature of the influence of international migration on the level of economic development, social situation and national security of the host country is considered. The author evaluates both the role of external migration as a compensatory component of natural population decline at the current stage of development, and the negative effects of this process.
Taking into account the specifics of the regional structure of the Russian Federation and its inherent differentiation in terms of the level of socio-economic development, in order to increase the validity of management decisions regarding the regulation of migration flows at the regional level, a system of statistical indicators is proposed in the form of a model set of diverse indicators that characterize the impact of migration flows on the economy of the region and social burden on the population. The author examines 6 main analytical areas: contingent load, migration intensity, migration load, migration efficiency, migration density, migration effectiveness, represented by relevant indicators. This system of indicators was the basis for conducting multidimensional cluster analysis in order to identify regions that have a similar profile in terms of the influence of external migration processes. As a result, 6 clusters were identified and described, which have significant differences in terms of the influence of external migration processes on the socio-economic characteristics of the region. The application of the approach under consideration, according to the author, will help improve the quality of migration flow management and the effectiveness of migrant adaptation policies at the regional level.
11-25
Economic Sciences
Organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourism products
摘要
The dynamic development of tourism activities in the regions of the Russian Federation, the high interest of the population in travel, and the close attention of federal and regional authorities to tourism determine the relevance of the study, the results of which are presented in the article.
The purpose of the study is to study the organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products, taking into account practical features: cooperation of tour operators, interaction with travel service providers, implementation of agency networks, etc.
The research methods are: analysis of scientific publications and the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of tourism; synthesis of processes related to the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products, as well as interviews.
The article provides examples of Russian interregional routes; presents the functions and conditions of the activities of tour operators and travel agents in the Russian Federation; suggests a scheme of interaction of subjects within the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products at the interregional level; presents organizational aspects of the implementation of interregional cooperation in the framework of work with tourist products.
The scientific novelty of the research consists in the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products.
The practical significance of the study is due to the possibilities of using the main provisions and conclusions by such subjects of the tourist market as tour operators and travel agents (for the development of interregional tourist routes), as well as regional and municipal authorities in the development of concepts, strategies and programs for the formation and development of domestic and inbound tourism in the regions.
The results of this study serve as the basis for further research on the subjects of the domestic and inbound tourism market within the framework of interregional interaction at the micro, meso and macro levels.
26-36
Higher educational institutions as the core of innovative development of the regional and national economy as a whole
摘要
The relevance of the work is due to the lack of a systematic approach to the formation of regional innovation policy and the lack of a unified approach to determining the core of innovative development of regions. Today, universities are becoming the central link in the development of the scientific and educational sphere, innovation and social. The interaction between universities and business is carried out not only within the framework of joint educational programs, but also within the framework of scientific, innovative and socio–cultural projects – this is a new trend of modern higher education within our country and at the global level. Today, knowledge transfer is simplified through the Internet and social networks, and innovative awareness of both business and society is increasing. The implementation of joint projects between universities and partner organizations in the educational, scientific, innovative and social spheres increases the role of universities in society and defines the university as a subject of socio-economic and innovative development of the region’s economy, which contributes to the technological sovereignty of the country. The aim of the work is to form a unified conceptual approach to determining the core of innovative development of the regional and national economy as a whole. The object of the study is the activity of universities in the formation of the innovative potential of regions in the context of «smart specialization». The study applied theoretical methods of systematization, generalization and synthesis of existing models for analyzing regional development, considered the development of the innovation model of the triple spiral into the fifth, proposed to combine the models of the quadruple-fifth spiral of innovation with the model of the core of economic development, and as the core of development consider the supporting innovative regional universities participating in the state program «Priority 2030» and other national projects aimed at economic development, achieving scientific, educational and technological leadership in Russia. The novelty of the approach lies in the synthesis of these two models and the result of the research is the formation of a conceptually new approach to determining the core of innovative development of regions and the country as a whole. The directions of further research include the development of theoretical positions and mathematical evaluation of the university’s activities as the core of innovative development of regions and the country as a whole.
37-46
Stages of development of digital analysis and its role in the modern economy
摘要
The development of digital analysis and its impact on the country’s economic sector underscores the relevance of its study and evaluation. In the context of a rapidly changing economic paradigm, the study of this topic acquires strategic importance, emphasizing the need for an analytical approach to the adaptation and development of business processes in the context of digitalization. The article is devoted to an academic review of the stages of development and the role of digital analysis in the modern economy, the study of key aspects of digital analysis, as well as an assessment of its prospects in the context of the modern corporate environment. The purpose of scientific research is to analyze the evolution of digital technologies, identify factors contributing to the formation of digital analysis, as well as assess the impact of this methodology on business processes, strategic management and overall economic dynamics. In writing the paper, analysis and synthesis methods were used to study the evolution of digital technologies, as well as research methods, such as comparative analysis and expert assessments, to identify factors that contribute to the formation of digital analysis and assess its impact on various aspects of the economy. Scientific research has revealed the key stages of the emergence of digital analysis, revealing its essence and role in the modern digital economy. Significant aspects of the impact of digital analysis on business processes and overall economic dynamics were identified. The findings highlight the importance of digital analysis in today’s corporate environment and its potential to improve business processes and strategic decision-making in a rapidly changing economic environment. Further research in this area may include a deeper analysis of the specific applications of digital analysis and its impact on various sectors of the economy. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive study of the stages of development, the essence and role of digital analysis in the modern economy, its impact on business processes, strategic management and general economic dynamics. Previous studies were most often limited to the technical aspects of digital analysis, this article is an in-depth analysis of not only the evolution of digital technologies, but also the factors that contribute to the formation of this methodology.
47-56
Transport
Systems for managing the transport behavior of the population of urban agglomerations. Patterns of behavior, methods of their recognition
摘要
This paper examines the issues of studying decision support systems for passenger travel in terms of identifying patterns of such behavior, their classification and clustering. A review of the literature of domestic and foreign authors concerning the analysis of patterns of transport behavior of the population and their recognition is given. The relevance of studying the transport behavior of the population using the theory of patterns is substantiated. An approach to describing patterns of behavior from the point of view of the theory of macrosystems has been formed. Examples of mobile applications for route planning, modern models for studying transport behavior based on BigData technologies, neural networks, and parsing theory are given. The problem of formalizing the description of transport behavior has been solved in order to obtain a tool for analyzing the influence of control actions on transport behavior. The conclusion is made about the need for a generalized representation of transport behavior, and, consequently, its pattern, in the form of logical models.
The purpose of the study is to compile a generalized representation of transport behavior and its patterns within the framework of the theory of macrosystems by compiling a digital pattern that can be displayed as a set of graphical schemes and as a subsequent logical description.
The results obtained consist in a detailed review of the literature on the topic of decision support systems when making a trip, determining patterns of passenger behavior, and the influence of individual behavior on the behavior of the entire transport system as a whole. A toolkit for determining patterns based on the theory of macrosystems has been developed. The analysis of various methods of data processing and visualization of results used by researchers is carried out, which additionally serves to determine the possibilities of qualitative and quantitative description of transport behavior. At the same time, the set of states of the elements of the transport system, specific measurable and/or calculated values, their relation to the micro- or macro-levels of the description of the transport system were determined. It is determined that the most convenient and comprehensive tool for representing and studying patterns is the theory of transport macrosystems.
57-75
Methodology for restoring dimensional connections when adjusting the valve clearance in the gas distribution mechanism of an automobile internal combustion engine
摘要
The relevance of research is due to the problems of organizing auto repair production in modern conditions associated with the difficulty of logistics and the high cost of foreign spare parts, which is confirmed by the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources. Of particular importance in this case are the methods of optimizing the balance of costs for performing repair and restoration actions and replacing defective parts. The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of repair of rolling stock of road transport based on the use of methods for restoring dimensional connections. This study is designed to fill the existing knowledge gap caused by the lack of methods for restoring specific repair links. The use of new parts in repair, along with restored or used ones, necessitates the wider use of methods for optimizing the limit values of wear and recovery processes of dimension chain elements. The materials and methods of research are presented as an example of the development of a technique for restoring the necessary parameters of dimensional connections when adjusting the valve gap value, since the thermal gap in the timing mechanism of an internal combustion engine is an important element affecting the efficiency of the car engine. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of two different methods potentially suitable for implementation in the repair industry for restoring dimensional ties while reducing the valve gap by machining the outer or inner contact surfaces of car engine pushers. Studies have been carried out in relation to the decrease in the gap in operating conditions, which is widespread in automobile engines with overhead camshafts, since a decrease in the valve gap to a greater extent than an increase in it affects the efficiency of the machines. The equation of the size chain of the valve group is given, in which the valve gap is the closing link. As a result of sequentially discretely removing the surface layers of the pusher metal at 0.05 mm intervals and measuring the hardness of the surface layers, it has been found that this approach to restoring repair bonds can be recommended for use in auto repair production, with a more preferred method being to adjust the valve clearance by grinding the outer surface of the pushers. The data obtained can serve as the basis for further research in the development of a set of technologies for restoring specific size chains using repair kits that include parts with different manufacturing accuracy or that have been in operation.
76-85
Philosophical Sciences
Philosophical school of D. V. Pivovarov: current state and development potential
摘要
The relevance of the problem being developed is due to the fact that, on the one hand, quite significant attention is paid to the study of philosophical schools in modern literature. However, on the other hand, there are sometimes certain disagreements in the views of representatives of the philosophical community. Some believe that as philosophy develops, its schools gradually lose their significance. Others, who deny ideas of this kind, believe that if certain rules are followed during the functioning of the school, then within its boundaries new knowledge is generated that enriches humanity. The purpose of the study, which has a historical and philosophical nature, is to, taking into account the most significant and heuristically valuable thoughts of various authors, reflect the process of formation of the philosophical school of D. V. Pivovarov, describe its current state and identify prospects for further development. Based on the principles of integrity, systematicity and historicism, using methods of analysis, synthesis and extrapolation in our research, we sought to reveal the multidimensional talent of this extraordinary person, capable, having absorbed all the best from his teachers, to find happiness in the process of scientific creativity, to identify and raise fundamental philosophical problems and involve others in this. The work draws attention to Daniil Valentinovich’s contribution to the enrichment of philosophical thought, which is so significant that it is not limited to the creation of only the officially approved philosophical school «Synthetic Paradigm of Philosophy». Among philosophers there is an idea that Pivovarov is also the founder of the Ural school of religious studies. Studying his philosophical biography as impartially as possible, we sought to show that this idea has the most solid foundations and Daniil Valentinovich managed to raise and convey to specialists topical, sometimes unique layers of knowledge in the field of religious studies: his educational and theoretical works have the proper scientific novelty directions, dissertation research of his graduate students and doctoral students. The changing specificity of the direction of Daniil Valentinovich’s research can also be seen in the renaming of the department he heads and the training of relevant qualified specialists. A significant place in our study is given to the analysis of the development potential of the Pivovarov School and the conditions for its implementation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the rich ideological heritage of Daniil Valentinovich remains largely underestimated; At the same time, the original, scientifically novel ideas of his students are often overlooked. The authors of the article believe that the successful development of a school largely depends on the cohesion of its members. The spiritual heritage of Daniil Valentinovich Pivovarov is the basis that gives reason to believe that his philosophical school will continue to develop. Its representatives will either rally around the new leader, or, relying on the ideas of their teacher, will begin to form new philosophical schools.
86-97
Philosophical heritage of D.V. Pivovarov: vectors of religious spirituality
摘要
The relevance of the study of D. V. Pivovarov’s philosophical heritage, his proposed approach to understanding religious spirituality, the developed concept of forms of religion and religiosity (cosmocentrism, egocentrism, sociocentrism) is related to the fact that today Russia is in search of that spiritual foundation that could unite all Russians.
The purpose of the article is to show the methodological possibilities of applying D. V. Pivovarov’s concept to comprehend the phenomenon of «new spirituality» expressed through such concepts introduced by modern Russian legal acts: «Russian nation», «all-Russian civil identity», «common cultural (civilizational) code of the Russian people».
To describe the approach of D.V. Pivovarov, the principles of system analysis are used, which allows us to evaluate the contribution of an outstanding Ural scientist to Russian religious studies; the judgments and conclusions of the author of the concept are used as methodological guidelines for the analysis of the phenomenon of «new spirituality».
As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that it is possible to interpret the phenomenon of «new spirituality» as an attempt to create such a «solid core» of sacred values of the unified Russian culture, which will ensure the non-conflict coexistence of the ideals of cosmocentrism, sociocentrism and egocentrism.
The practical significance is seen in the fact that, being an important methodological tool, the approach proposed by D. V. Pivovarov will find application in the study and explanation of new religious ideas and spiritual practices adequate to the needs of the time, in the teaching of historical and religious studies courses, in assessing the effectiveness of mechanisms for strengthening Russian identity.
98-107
Daniil Valentinovich Pivovarov: dialogue-memoir (on the 80th anniversary of the philosopher)
摘要
The article is a conversation between two colleagues who knew D. V. Pivovarov and worked with him for several decades. The conversation emphasizes the importance of the scientist’s works in various fields of humanities – philosophy, religious studies, cultural studies, in each of which he contributed significant results. Organizational abilities are noted, in particular, the creation of the Department of Religious Studies at the Ural University, which he led for three decades. The participants in the dialogue also draw attention to the teaching and educational activities of D. V. Pivovarov; he has trained several dozen candidates of sciences and about twenty doctors of sciences.
108-114
Autocommunication as a critique of contemporary philosophical psychoanalysis
摘要
Contemporary philosophical psychoanalysis is increasingly turning to mythological stories in order to explain the phenomenon of autocommunication as a constant loss of self and encounter with self. The relevance of the article is determined by the complex superimposition of such mythological plots, requiring the involvement of certain interdisciplinary instruments of analysis in philosophical research. In the Lacanian tradition of psychoanalysis, we suggest that the story of Eurydice serves to explain Dora’s case and substantiates the autocommunicative core of experience. This plot allowed us to criticize both positivist and economic (investment, fetishism) aspects of classical psychoanalysis and to show the epistemological potential of autocommunication as overcoming the totality of the uncanny and returning «to one’s home».
The aim of the article is to investigate the epistemological potential of autocommunication, to which psychoanalysis gives a narrative dimension, and the modern philosophy of the self and the alien – an axiological meaning; the task is to clarify, using the example of the newest psychoanalysis’ work with the uncanny, the limits of autocommunication as a mechanism of both seduction (Sirens) and the return of all participants of future communication to themselves (their own mind). The main method of the study was a metacritique of psychoanalysis from the perspective of general notions of the structure of experience and encounter with the other across generations.
The main results of the study are that, contrary to the models of the uncanny as fear of encountering oneself or one’s place in the world, another understanding of the uncanny is possible as a choice that all people face in the continuation of the human race. In this case, the happiness of continuation of the species or creative self-realization overcomes the initial impulses of creative temptations, turning reasoning alone with oneself into a mirror of communication with others that has already taken place.
The newness consists in the fact that the paper solved the main contradiction of the theory of autocommunication, which is divided into two parts: the illusion of the desire to communicate and the imperative encounter with one’s speech as a stranger, creating a situation of joint communication. It has been shown that, contrary to the common view in philosophy, this joint communication is socially determined and not at all an extension of the internal topology or structure of thought. The contradiction can be resolved by adopting the concept of «the gift of time» (Derrida), which overcomes the antinomy of exchange and gift.
Directions for further research on the basis of this work imply the development of a consistent theory of autocommunication that does not reduce it to individual cases of finding the self or postulating the other and that takes into account the social framework of any communication.
115-124
Determinative factors of the level of subjectivation of social cognition
摘要
The relevance of research. Mistakes and misconceptions in social cognition cost people dearly, often their price is human life, the existence of various social communities, states and even civilizations. The purpose of the study is to identify a number of factors that cause errors and misconceptions in social cognition at the level of subjectivation. To achieve the goal, the methods of dialectical and structural-functional analysis, extrapolation, the methodological concept of polysubject sociality of the Ural Philosophical School, the method of comparative analysis, the principle of holism were used. The main results of the study: the appearance of misconceptions in social cognition is a natural phenomenon, an attribute of cognition. Their appearance and overcoming is influenced by the nature of the relationship between the subject and the object of social cognition. Determinative factors affecting the epistemological relationship of the latter can lower or increase the degree of coherence of the main substrate elements of the level of subjectivation. Therefore, the main task of the cognizing subject is to activate the activity of coherence factors that increase the degree of epistemological mutual adequacy of the cognizing object and its subjective image and minimize the influence of factors that increase their epistemological discrepancy.
Scientific novelty: the paper argues that the level of subjectivation is an attributive part of the cognitive process. The achievement of truth and the appearance of misconceptions in social cognition are influenced by three groups of determinative factors: objective, subjective and reflexive. Their specificity and the nature of their influence on the process of social cognition are revealed. Determinative factors, depending on the cognitive situation, lower or increase the degree of coherence of the main substrate elements of the level of subjectivation, contribute to the achievement of truth, or lead away from it.
The classification of coherence factors determining the appearance of errors and misconceptions in social cognition at the level of subjectivation is presented. There are such groups of them: objective, subjective and reflexive. The article contains specific recommendations for overcoming mistakes and misconceptions in social cognition.
Practical significance the identification of the features of the formation of the epistemological series in the knowledge of society makes it possible to predict with a greater degree of reliability the appearance of errors and misconceptions in this process, to prevent their manifestation.
Direction of further research. There are three main levels of coherence in social cognition: the level of subjectivation, objectification and object. Further research presupposes the identification of determinative factors affecting the effectiveness of social cognition at the objectification and object level.
125-134