Том 15, № 1 (2023)

Introduction. The article considers the problems of the revival of languages of small peoples. The subject of the study is the experience of linguists in the revitalization of national languages at a specific location in the Republic of Karelia (village Vedlozero) and Finland (village Inari).
Materials and Methods. The material of the study is based on the data published in the monograph of the Finnish linguist A. Pasanen and taken from the speeches of N. P. Barmina, an activist of the Union of the Karelian People, obtained in the media and from her personal conversations with of the author of the article. When processing the information, the author employs such methods as comparative, analytical and synthetic.
Results and Discussion. Language revitalization primarily includes such measures of language support as description of the grammatical and lexical structure of the language, fixation of phonetic features, documentation of linguistic material of folklore texts and everyday descriptions, etc. At the same time, it requires enormous efforts on individual level from the cultural and linguistic community, and on the community level from the public organizations, educational institutions and government authorities. One of the most effective ways to revive national languages is language training centers. The way they are organized and work are considered on the example of “language nests” in Finland and Karelia.
Conclusion. Based on the measures to save the Finnish language by L. Kotilainen, the author of the publication proposed her own system for the preservation of national languages, which does not always require mandatory state support and funding, although in no case excludes it. In particular, it is proposed to create a network of free language webinars, to organize competitions for the best blogs made in ethno-language, the best master of words who came up with the most successful equivalent of a Russian word.

Introduction. The article presents the first results of a historical and sociological study on the impact that the inclusion of several regions of Karelia in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation has on the identity of its inhabitants, using the example of Loukhsky district, the northernmost region in the Republic.
Material and Methods. The authors proceed from the interrelatedness of the territory, traditions and identities, which never lose their significance but evolve over time. The methodology included the comparative historical method, content analysis, qualitative study and field survey methods. An integrated analysis of the sources is applied, which mostly includes published and unpublished historical, journalistic, and sociological data. The field material is in-depth interviews with the residents of Louhsky district collected in July 2022.
Results and Discussion. A brief overview of the history development of Louhsky district is provided; the results of analyzing materials from mass media and online sources are described. The methods of formalized text analysis, coding, categorization of interview transcripts, cross-interpretation of data by researchers helped distinguish the most typical variants of identities and features characteristic of the district. The differences were detected in the dominant types of identities between the western and the eastern parts of the district, especially in what concerns official representation.
Conclusion. The paper concludes that the ethnic identity is preserved and manifested in the current public discourse within a so-called “festival project of ethnicity”. The interviews show that ethnic identity is giving way to civic or regional identities. Arctic identity is not firmly rooted in the perception of the respondents. The northern identity, i.e., being “northerners”, is more congeneric and easier to comprehend for people in the Karelian Arctic.

Introduction. The majority of mid-level specialists for various sectors of the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics of the RSFSR were trained by local specialized vocational institutions. The article studies of the dynamics of the number of mid-level specialists in the sectors of the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics in the second half of the 1950s –early 1960s, as well as the share of these specialists in the national economy of these territories.
Materials and Methods. The study is based on statistical materials containing the data on the number of middle-level specialists in various sectors of the national economy in the relevant area. The study was carried out on the basis of comparative, historical, systematic and statistical approaches, which made it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in the number of middle-level specialists and highlight the changes in the share of specialists of certain categories in their total numbers.
Results and Discussion. Based on the data contained in the statistical materials, it was possible to trace the dynamics of the number of mid-level specialists employed in various sectors of the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics of the RSFSR. There were changes in the share of certain categories of specialists in relation to their total numbers. In addition, a comparison was made of the dynamics of changes in the share of certain categories of these specialists in the Finno-Ugric Republics with similar dynamics in the RSFSR as a whole for the period under study.
Conclusion. During the period under study, several trends were noted in the dynamics of changes in the number of midlevel specialists employed in the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics, and the share of their individual categories. In the second half of the 1950s, the general increase in the number of the personnel was noted, in the early 1960s, the intensity of their growth stopped. In general, over the entire period, the total number of these specialists increased by an average of 2 times, the largest increase was observed in the category of technicians. An increase in the number of specialists classified as technicians caused a noticeable decrease in the share of other categories, which was especially noticeable in the second half of the 1950s.

Introduction. The article summarizes the results of a study of the ethnic and confessional culture of Mordovian students. The objectives of the study were to identify the degree of preservation of individual components of ethnic culture among Mordovian students; to analyze of the level of their religiosity and affi liation to the local church; to study the degree of infl uence other cultural systems on their worldview.
Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the Internet survey. The total of 100 Mordovian students took part in the survey: 63 people from the Republic of Mordovia (Mordovian State Pedagogical University) and 37 people from the Ulyanovsk region (Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University).
Results and Discussion. The article describes the ideas of Mordovian students about sacred places and national heroes, the profi ciency in the national language, the perception of the national language as a native language, the existence of a festive and ritual culture, religiosity and confessional affi liation, religious behavior and religious beliefs, etc. It reveals and interprets the infl uence of living in the multicultural region on a signifi cant proportion of people who recognize non-Mordovian as their native language, and on the syncretization in the mass consciousness of respondents of holidays of different genesis: international, Russian national, Christian, national public, and Mordovian national holidays.
Conclusion. An analysis of the materials of the Internet survey allows to conclude that, in general, Mordovian students are characterized by a positive attitude towards Mordovian culture. The interest of the respondents is especially noticeable when answering questions that refer to ethnic self-consciousness issues that have more symbolic than practical/everyday meaning. Although Mordovian students consider themselves Orthodox Christians, their religious culture is no less diverse, a signifi cant part of which is integrated to varying degrees in the culture of Orthodoxy. At the same time, some Mordovian students are not without occult infl uence.

Introduction. On the example of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra the article considers the regional features of ethno-cultural policy. Some legislative features of the protection and preservation of the identity of representatives of indigenous minorities are distinguished. Ethnic identity and self-identifi cation of representatives of the titular ethnic groups are updated. The purpose of the study is to reveal the role of ethno-cultural practices in reference to ethnic identity of the Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets.
Materials and Methods. The theoretical basis is the research in the relevant fi eld, in particular, the works of national authors on ethno-cultural identity. Offi cial materials such as laws and documents of the regional Duma and Charters of public organizations are used.
Results and Discussion. It was found that in the ethno-cultural space of the Ob-Ugric and Samoyed peoples, the key elements are legislative mechanisms aimed at maintaining and preserving ethno-cultural traditions, the activities of public organizations of the Ob-Ugric and Samoyed peoples in each district. Attention is paid to the issues of the viability of native languages in modern conditions, the revival of traditions based on ritual holidays and traditional arts.
Conclusion. It is concluded that the legislative mechanisms in relation to the indigenous peoples are built on the principle of national and regional approaches. In the present conditions, the interest of the indigenous peoples of Yugra to the ethnocultural heritage is increasing. There is a revival of traditions, festivals, customs, and popularization of native languages.

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