How to Measure Artificial Intelligence?

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Currently, such concepts as “weak” and “strong” artificial intelligence are being frequently applied, but their generally accepted definitions are still missing. In this paper formal and informal suggestions about the essence of artificial intelligence are analyzed. An approach is proposed for quantitative measurement of the "power" of artificial intelligence, which makes it possible to compare various intelligent computer systems with each other.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Igor A. Kalyaev

Scientific Research Institute of Multiprocessor Computing and Control Systems

Author for correspondence.
Email: kaliaev@niimvus.ru

Doctor of technical sciences, academician RAS, professor; General Director; scientific Head of Direction

Russian Federation, Taganrog

References

  1. Nacional`naya strategiya razvitiya iskusstvennogo intellekta na period do 2030 g. [National Strategy for the development of Artificial Intelligence for the period up to 2030] // Electronic resource. URL: http://static.kremlin.ru/media/events/files/ru/AH4x6HgK WANwVtMOfPDhcbRpvd1HCCsv.pdf
  2. Kalyaev I.A. Iskusstvenniy intellekt – kamo gryadeshi? [Artificial Intelligence: Quo Vadis?] // Ekonomicheskie strategii [Economic Strategies] 2019. No 5. P. 6–15.
  3. Legg S, Hutter M. A collection of definitions of intelligence. 2007.
  4. Russel S.J., Norvig P. Artificial Intelligence. A Modern Approach (2nd ed.) Prentice Hall, 2003.
  5. Turing A. Computing Machinery and Intelligence// Mind. Oxford University Press. 1950. №59. P. 433-460.
  6. How the third Turing test ended. Electronic resource. URL: https://vc.ru/flood/59052-chem-zavershilsya-tretiy-test-tyuringa.
  7. Minsky M. Society of mind. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1986.
  8. Hernandez-Orallo J. Evaluation in artificial intelligence: from task-oriented to ability-oriented measurement // Artificial Intelligence Review, 2017. P. 397-447.
  9. McCarthy J. Generality in artificial intelligence // Communications of the ACM. 1987. 30(12). P.1030-1035.
  10. Newell A., Shaw J.C., Simon H. A. Report on a General Problem Solver Program // Proc. Of the Conf. on Information Processing. 1959.
  11. Chollet F. On the Measure of the Intelligence. // Electronic resource. URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.01547.pdf
  12. Hernandez-Orallo J. The Measure of All Minds: Evaluating Natural and Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
  13. Chaitin G.J. Algorithmic Information Theory. Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  14. Chaitin G.J. A theory of program size formally identical to information theory // Journal of the ACM (JACM), 1975. (3). P. 329-340.
  15. Vereshchagin N.K., Shen' V.A. Kolmogorovskaya slozhnost' i algoritmicheskaya sluchaynost' [Kolmogorov Complexity and algorithmic randomness]. MTsNMO, 2013.
  16. Grunwald P.D., Vitanyi P.M. Algorithmic information theory. 2008. // Electronic resource. URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0809.2754
  17. Crocker L., Algina J. Introduction to classical and modern test theory. ERIC, 1986.
  18. Hambleton R., Swaminathan H., Rogers H. Fundamentals of Item Response Theory // Sage Publications, Inc., 1991.
  19. Bert F, Green Jr. Intelligence and computer simulation // Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1964.
  20. Newell A. You can’t play 20 questions with nature and win. 1973. // Electronic resource. URL: https://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~crocker/documents/Newell.
  21. Detterman D.K. A challenge to Watson // Intelligence. 2011. P. 7778.
  22. Dowe D.L., Hernndez-Orallo J. Iq tests are not for ma- chines, yet. // Intelligence, 2012. P. 7781.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Structure of a system with “weak” AI.

Download (180KB)
3. Fig. 2. Structure of a system with “strong” AI

Download (338KB)

Согласие на обработку персональных данных

 

Используя сайт https://journals.rcsi.science, я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных») даю согласие на обработку персональных данных на этом сайте (текст Согласия) и на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика» (текст Согласия).