Perioperative anesthesia in children with oncological diseases: prospective single-center continuous cohort study of a 6-year clinical experience
- Authors: Matinyan N.V.1,2, Kuznetsov D.A.1, Kovaleva E.A.1, Tsintsadze A.A.1, Belousova E.I.1, Akimov V.P.1, Maslova A.I.1
-
Affiliations:
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
- Issue: Vol 16, No 4 (2022)
- Pages: 255-266
- Section: Original articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1993-6508/article/view/131771
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/RA110736
- ID: 131771
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Effective anesthesia is one of the most important factors in rapid and successful rehabilitation after surgery. Inadequately selected analgesia and consequent pain significantly slow down the recovery process and are associated with several complications that cover almost all organs and systems and reduce the patient’s quality of life in the long term.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze 6 years of clinical experience with perioperative epidural anesthesia in the Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, considering the effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction of patients and their legal representatives with this medical aid.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective single-center continuous cohort study was conducted on patients who received epidural analgesia as part of perioperative anesthesia in the period from 2016 to 2021. Data from 702 (48.5%) boys and 745 (51.5%) girls were analyzed. Children were divided into three main groups according to age: from 1 month to 1 year (14.3%), from 1 year to 7 years (37.8%), and from 8 years to 18 years (47.8%). The area of surgical intervention was also considered: abdominal surgery (65.2%), thoracic (8.5%), and orthopedic (26.4%). The choice of the local anesthesia level has also influenced the results. The main study outcomes were the intensity of postoperative pain syndrome in pediatric oncosurgery and additional consumption of narcotic analgesics after the administration of a mixture of topical drugs with or without adjuvants into the epidural space.
RESULTS: The effectiveness of epidural anesthesia in the intraoperative period was quite high, which is confirmed by the stability of hemodynamic parameters. Intraoperatively, additional administration of systemic narcotic analgesics was noted in 5% of the total sample. In all observed patients, epidural adjuvants (morphine and promedol) ensured the optimal duration of action and analgesic efficacy of caudal blockade in the postoperative period; therefore, additional painkillers were not needed. Satisfaction with the intervention was generally high, with 98% providing a rating of “very good” or “good”.
CONCLUSION: Anesthesia methods (epidural blockade), optimal pain control, and active postoperative recovery (including early oral nutrition and mobilization) in fast-track surgery reduce stress reactions and organ dysfunction, significantly reducing the time required for a full recovery.
Keywords
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Nune V. Matinyan
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7805-5616
SPIN-code: 9829-6657
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowDmitry A. Kuznetsov
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3569-5255
SPIN-code: 3140-2275
anesthesiologist-resuscitator
Russian Federation, MoscowEkaterina A. Kovaleva
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9492-034X
SPIN-code: 7122-7508
anesthesiologist-resuscitator
Russian Federation, MoscowAnastasia A. Tsintsadze
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1897-0331
SPIN-code: 6513-9338
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), anesthesiologist-resuscitator
Russian Federation, MoscowEkaterina I. Belousova
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9602-3052
SPIN-code: 8936-8053
MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), anesthesiologist-resuscitator
Russian Federation, MoscowVasilii P. Akimov
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2064-1716
SPIN-code: 5603-4790
anesthesiologist-resuscitator
Russian Federation, MoscowAnastasia I. Maslova
Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Email: n9031990633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8070-5427
Russian Federation, Moscow
References
- Breivik H. Postoperative pain management: why is it difficult to show that it improves outcome? Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1998;15(6):748–751. doi: 10.1097/00003643-199811000-00022
- Carr DB, Goudas LC. Acute pain. Lancet. 1999;353(9169):2051–2058. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03313-9
- Joshi GP, Ogunnaike BO. Consequences of inadequate postoperative pain relief and chronic persistent postoperative pain. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2005;23(1):21–36. doi: 10.1016/j.atc.2004.11.013
- Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78(5):606–617. doi: 10.1093/bja/78.5.606
- Sinatra R. Causes and Consequences of Inadequate Management of Acute Pain. Pain Med. 2010;11(12):1859–1871. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00983.x
- Gan TJ. Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention. J Pain Res. 2017;10:2287–2298. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S144066
- Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet. 2006;367(9522):1618–1625. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68700-X
- Macrae WA. Chronic pain after surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2001;87(1):88–98. doi: 10.1093/bja/87.1.88
- Poobalan AS, Bruce J, Smith WC, et al. A review of chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Clin J Pain. 2003;19(1):48–54. doi: 10.1097/00002508-200301000-00006
- Johansen A, Romundstad L, Nielsen CS, et al. Persistent postsurgical pain in a general population: prevalence and predictors in the Tromsø study. Pain. 2012;153(7):1390–1396. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.018
- Wildgaard K, Ravn J, Kehlet H. Chronic post-thoracotomy pain: a critical review of pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for prevention. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;36(1):170–180. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.02.005
- Wang L, Guyatt GH, Kennedy SA, et al. Predictors of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. CMAJ. 2016;188(14):352–361. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.151276
- Polushin YuS, editor. Rukovodstvo po anesteziologii i reanimatologii. St. Petersburg: Elbi-SPb; 2004. (In Russ).
- Gruzdev VE, Gorobets ES. Multimodal combined anesthesia in lung surgery patients with low functional respiratory reserve. Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2013;7(3):26–30. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/ра.v7i3.36193
- Niemi G, Breivik H. Adrenaline markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a low-dose infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyle and adrenaline after major surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1998;42(8):897–909. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05348.x
- Niemi G, Breivik H. The minimally effective concentration of adrenaline in a low-concentration thoracic epidural analgesic infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47(4):439–450. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.00077.x
- Breivik H. How to implement an acute postoperative pain service. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2002;16(4):527–47. doi: 10.1053/bean.2002.0259
- Zabolotski DV, Koriachkin VA, Ulrikh GE. Postoperative analgesia in children. Are there any methods available today? Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2017;11(2):64–72. (In Russ). doi: 10.18821/1993-6508-2017-11-2-64-72
- Hong JY, Han SW, Kim WO, et al. KilA comparison of high volume/low concentration and low volume/high concentration ropivacaine in caudal analgesia for pediatric orchiopexy. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(4):1073–1078. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181b20c52
- Avis G, Gricourt Y, Vialatte PB, et al Analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane blocks for lumbar spine surgery: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022:rapm-2022-103737. Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2022-103737
- Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA, et al. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain. 2001;93(2):173–183. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00314-1
- Bromage PR. Epidural Analgesia. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1978.
- Wong J, Lim SST. Epidural analgesia in a paediatric teaching hospital: Trends, developments, and a brief review of literature. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare. 2018;27(1):49–54. doi: 10.1177/2010105817733997
- Kasanavesi RC, Gazula S, Pula R, Thakur N. Safety of post-operative epidural analgesia in the paediatric population: a retrospective analysis. Indian J Anaesth. 2015;59(10):636–640. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.167494
- Love W, Rathmell JP, Tarver JM. Regional anesthesia for acute pain management. Problems in Anesthesia. 2000;12(2):165–176.
- Ovechkin AM, editor. Lechenie posleoperatsionnoi boli — kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika: obshchie rekomendatsii i printsipy uspeshnogo lecheniya boli. Moscow: AstraZeneka; 2006. (In Russ).
- Ovechkin AM, Bayalieva AZh, Yezhevskaya AA, et al. Postoperative anesthesia. Guidelines. Annals of Critical Care. 2019;4:9–33. (In Russ). doi: 10.21320/1818-474X-2019-4-9-33
- Ovechkin AM. Postoperative pain: the state of problem and current trends in postoperative analgesia. Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2015;9(2):29–39. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/ра.v9i2.36255
- Ledyakin VI, Pyataev NA. Neiroaksial’nye metody obezbolivaniya v pediatrii: stress-protektornaya effektivnost’ i nevrologicheskaya bezopasnost’. Medical Almanac. 2011;14(1):156–159. (In Russ).
- Zabolotskiy DV, Koryachkin VA. Child and regional anesthesia — What for? Where? And how? Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2016;10(4):243–253. (In Russ). doi: 10.18821/1993-6508-2016-10-4-243-253
- Sichkar SYu, Afukov II. Epidural anesthesia in newborns and infants with surgical diseases. Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care. 2015;5(2):47–54. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/psaic157
- Buyko EG, Mironchik SL, Samostenko VV. Introduction and experience of epidural anesthesia and continuous epidural anesthesia in thoracic phtisiosurgery. Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2014;8(3):16–20. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/ра.v8i3.36214
- Hubler M, Gabler R, Ehm B, et al. Successful resuscitation following ropivacaine induced systemic toxicity in a neonate. Anaesthesia. 2010;65(11):1137–1140. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06449.x
- Ecoffey C. Local anesthetics in pediatric anesthesia: an update. Minerva Anestesiol. 2005;71(6):357–360.
- Segado Jimenez MI, Arias Delgado J, Cаnovas Martinez L, et al. Local and regional analgesia after pediatric surgery: study in 116 patients. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2010;57(7):413–418. (In Spanish). doi: 10.1016/s0034-9356(10)70267-х
- Gorobets ES. Instructions for application of prolonged postoperative epidural analgesia technique in surgical departments of Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Oncology. Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2012;6(2):67–71. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/ра.v6i2.36162
- Gupta A, Jay MA, Williams G. Evolving pediatric epidural practice: An institution’s clinical experience over 20 years — A retrospective observational cohort study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2020;30(1):25–33. doi: 10.1111/pan.13767
Supplementary files
![](/img/style/loading.gif)