Primary Sjögren Syndrome in pediatric ophthalmology: a case report

Sjögren Syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, primarily lacrimal and salivary ones. Notably, this disorder rarely occurs in children. Slit lamp examination with fluorescein and lissamine green staining and Schirmer’s test are required to diagnose Sjögren syndrome. However, the most informative method is a biopsy of the salivary and lacrimal glands, followed by histological examination of the biopsy specimen. Sialography provides additional valuable information and shows changes in the structure and patency of the excretory ducts. Blood enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reveals rheumatoid and antinuclear factors and, in most cases, anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies.

The article describes a clinical case, unique for the Samara region, of chronic autoimmune systemic lesions of the connective tissue with involvement of the exocrine glands, mainly lacrimal and salivary ones. It also describes clinical presentation and diagnostic workup, including a comprehensive examination by relevant specialists required for diagnosis, and provides its results and treatment. Sjögren syndrome is an incurable disease requiring constant supportive therapy. In severe cases, it can considerably reduce the quality of life and result in disability of the patient.