Vol 24, No 1 (2024)
Geography
Monitoring of monthly dynamics of thunderstorm activity in Iraq
Abstract
The article presents the study results of the monthly variability thunderstorm activity at three meteorological stations located in Iraq over a ten-year period from 2000 to 2009. This is a study based on archived data from daily meteorological observations. The study of fronts for six months a year and for ten years showed that thunderstorms most often occur in March and April, accounting for about 47.42% of all thunderstorms. Moreover, 22.3% of them are in the northern mountainous region of Iraq. 67 baroclinic and 63 barotropic cases were registered at Khanaqin Station; 42 baroclinic and 47 barotropic cases were recorded at Baghdad Airport Station; and 21 baroclinic and 27 barotropic cases were listed at Basra Airport Station. Whenever there is a change in the horizontal temperature, potential energy becomes available. Low-pressure systems usually cause sudden weather changes, including strong winds, heavy rain, thunderstorms, and other possible meteorological phenomena. This low-pressure system, which includes the Mediterranean low-pressure system and occurs in regions with predominantly westerly and reverse winds, leads to increased winds and increases the likelihood of thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. When the depression of the Red Sea connects with the depression of the Mediterranean Sea, deep cumulonimbus clouds will form, and the weather will be very bad with rain and thunderstorms (rain, thunder, lightning, maybe even hail).
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):4-10
4-10
Territorial manufacturing system of the Volga-Ural macroregion: Trends of polarization 2005–2021 and development potential
Abstract
The application of a multi-scale approach to the study of socio-economic processes makes it possible to see the importance of large (first, second and third in terms of population in their regions) cities for the formation of a territorial production system of supra-regional education as a whole. In this paper, based on data on the population and the value of the manufacturing industry of large cities of the Volga-Ural macroregion, their dynamics in the period 2005–2021 was traced.Theoretical analysis.The necessity of analyzing the existing territorial structures of the economy at the supra-regional level (macroregion level) is substantiated. The change in the contribution of the largest cities of the VolgaUral macro-region to the population and output of the manufacturing industry of the regions is traced, on the basis of which a typology of cities by the nature of their influence on the socio-economic space is made. Based on the gravitational approach, the potential of the industrial interaction field withinthemacroregion is shown. The problems of its broken configuration are discussed, as well as regional differences in output by industry. Conclusion The analysis made it possible to identify the comparative dynamics of the socio-economic development of large cities of the Volga-Ural macroregion over a fairly long period and typologize it. The analysis showed the isolated nature of the individual cores of the territorial production system within the macroregion, as well as the need for industrial policy for a positive transformation of the system.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):11-18
11-18
Geoecological analysis of the habitat quality of the Russian muskrat (Desmana moschata) on the territory of the Khopyor Reserve to preserve its abundance
Abstract
The main purpose of the article is to make geoecological analysis of the habitat quality of the Russian muskrat on the territory of specialized protected areas. Based on the collected statistical indicators on the territory of the Khopyor State Nature Reserve, a correlation analysis was carried out between the number of muskrats, climatic and hydrological factors of its habitat, as well as the possible influence of predators on the number of muskrats. Patterns of population change on the territory of the Khopyor State Nature Reserve have been revealed. The optimal ratios of the muskrat habitat comfort have been determined. The necessity of improving the geoecological monitoring of the Russian muskrat and its habitat is proved.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):19-25
19-25
Meteorological characteristics and evapotranspiration dynamics of the Kafernigan river (Tajikistan) – a tributary of the Transboundary Amudarya River for the period 1946–2021
Abstract
The research results of the meteorological characteristics and evapotranspiration dynamics in the middle reaches of the Varzob river, a tributary of the Kafernigan river, for the period 1946–2021 are presented. It has been established that temperature is a more active factor in the processes of evapotranspiration. A slight trend of decreasing precipitation at altitudes up to 400 m a. s. l in the southern parts of the Varzob river basin is associated mainly with local meteorological phenomena and is in no way related to the processes of penetration of external air masses into the river basin, since the correlation coefficient of atmospheric precipitation values in the upstream (Maykhura weather station) and in the downstream of the Varzob river basin (Ayvaj weather station) is very little (0.1).
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):26-31
26-31
Investigating water chemical composition of an underground source located in the floodplain of the Malka river in the lower reaches
Abstract
The analysis of an underground source water chemical composition located in the floodplain of the Malka River, the largest river flowing through the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is presented. Data on the quantitative content of the groundwater ion-salt composition components serve as indicators to identify background concentrations of pollutants in river waters. The observation results of the intra-annual dynamics of flow, temperature, transparency, pH, mineralization, hardness, permanent oxidability, concentrations of carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrites, nitrates, and total iron are presented. The qualitative trace element composition has been determined. The results of sanitary and microbiological analysis are presented. The theoretical analysis allows us to conclude that the chemical composition of the water under study follows general patterns. The constancy of the underground source waters temperature indicates the deep occurrence of aquifers. The chemical composition of water is determined by the composition of minerals and rocks, which it comes into contact with, remains almost constant throughout the year and, to a small extent, depends on climatic conditions on the surface. Data on the concentration of components of the ion-salt composition and microflora characterizing the water quality of an underground source were obtained. The water of an underground source refers to neutral, fresh, medium hardness, bicarbonate waters that are not contaminated with pathogenic microflora.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):32-40
32-40
Geology
On the issue of the methodology for lithologic and petrophysical studies of stone material (in the process of oil and gas wells drilling)
Abstract
This article discusses some aspects of the methodology for preparing sludge and core samples for lithological and petrophysical studies. Methods for obtaining rockmaterial(sludge, core) are described interms of determiningthemoment of openingthe reservoir layer,tyingthe core in depth, and sampling the sludge. A sludge collector has been proposed that makes it possible to obtain sludge of overall fractions washed from the drilling fluid. The effectiveness of the harmonic analysis method, which takes into account the lithology of the studied section and changes in drilling parameters to optimize the frequency of sludge sampling during drilling, is shown. A system for placing sludge sampling points has been justified to increase the information content of the study of well sections. An analysis of the actual material on the connection of sludge to formations using natural gamma activity in wells drilled in the conditions of the Saratov Volga region was carried out. The distribution of the residual values of the burial depths according to the sludge and well logging allowed us to conclude that in the vast majority(> 75%) of cases, the binding of sludge during geological testing is carried out with satisfactory accuracy. The implementation of some elements of the above described interpretation techniques is shown using the example of one of the wells located in the northwestern part of the near-shore zone of the Caspian basin.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):41-48
41-48
Application of machine learning in the analysis of seismic data to identify tectonic faults in various seismogeological conditions
Abstract
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of algorithms for automatic interpretation of tectonic faults based on seismic data recorded in various seismogeological conditions. For each type of geological section (platform, salt tectonics, marine data), a cube of the probability of violations by an analytical algorithm and using trained neural networks was calculated.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):49-55
49-55
Genus Sororistirps (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Ventriculitidae)
Abstract
Representatives of the genus Sororistirps, distinguished among the Ventriculites, have been detected in the Santonian – Maastrichtian rocks from the southeast of the Russian Plate. The structures of the skeletons and of the irrigation systems have been considered, the Sororistirps morphogenesis has been traced; the forms characteristic of the Santonian, Campanian and Maastrichtian spongiocomplexes have been determined.
News of Saratov University. Ser. Earth sciences. 2024;24(1):56-70
56-70
Personalia
71-73