Том 25, № 4 (2025)
- Жылы: 2025
- Мақалалар: 18
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1819-4907/issue/view/24508
Бүкіл шығарылым
Russian History
Japan as perceived by the Mensheviks on the pages of the “Iskra” newspaper (1904–1905)
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the study of the image of Japan presented on the pages of the newspaper “Iskra”, the organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, which also became the period of the Mensheviks’ dominance in the editorial board of the newspaper. The following issues are considered: the views of the Mensheviks on the responsibility of the parties for the beginning of the conflict, the use of the topics of the Russo-Japanese War for the purpose of fighting the autocracy, the views of the Social Democrats on the Japanese state and army, their relations with Japanese socialists.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):430-438
430-438
The evolution of political ideas of zemstvo’s workers and employees (June 1917 – June 1918)
Аннотация
Based on the analysis of publications of departmental journals “Zemsky Delo” and “Zemsky Worker”, the author of the article tried to reconstruct several stages of development of political ideas of zemstvo’s workers and employees in the period from June 1917 to June 1918. As a result, conclusions were drawn about the development of political ideas from the concept of non-partisan and “supra-class democracy” to attempts to justify the integration of zemstvos into the system of trade union and cooperative movement and Soviet authorities.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):439-444
439-444
The theme of war in the perception of Russian emigration of the first wave
Аннотация
The article examines the mindset in the Russian emigrant environment in the 20–30s of the XXth century. Public opinion in interwar Europe was characterized by an increased interest in issues of war and peace, which was inevitably translated into the information and cultural space of emigrant communities. The majority of representatives of the emigrant political elite, regardless of ideological attitudes, predicted the inevitability of another world war, pointed to the instability of the socio-political order formed by the victorious countries after the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles. During the discussion that unfolded among the emigrants, attempts were made to identify the place and role of the “USSR-Russia” in the upcoming global conflict. This topic gained increased attention after the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):445-451
445-451
Moscow architects during the Great Patriotic War
Аннотация
The aim of the research is to study the creative achievements of Moscow architects during the Great Patriotic War. Moscow architects made an invaluable contribution to military-defense construction, the construction of numerous evacuated and new industrial enterprises in the east of the country, and the restoration of cities destroyed by the war.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):452-459
452-459
“To live in peace and friendship”: N. S. Khrushchev’s view on the normalization of Soviet-American relations (based on the materials of speeches during a trip to the USA in 1959)
Аннотация
The article discusses N. S. Khrushchev’s trip to the USA in September 1959. The unprecedented event is considered in the context of the establishment of Soviet-American relations, and the main focus is on the speeches of the head of the USSR, his view on overcoming the Cold War. Using intent analysis as the main research method, the author comes to the conclusion that N. S. Khrushchev tried to transfer relations between the two superpowers into the mainstream of “real politics”, guided not by ideological contradictions, but by mutual benefits. The individual characteristics of the Soviet leader as a public speaker capable of influencing the general public are also highlighted.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):460-464
460-464
The main directions of changes in the national composition of the Russian Federation in 1990s–2020s: Analysis of the Third All-Russian Population Census’ results
Аннотация
The article attempts to analyze the dynamics of changes in the national composition of the Russian Federation over the past thirty years. It is argued that the results of the third All-Russian Population Census in 2020 objectively reflect the main trends in the transformation of the national structure of the Russian Federation. The conclusion about the crisis of national identity, complicating the development of the country, is substantiated. It is concluded that it is necessary to reform the state national policy in order to preserve and develop the ethnic composition of the Russian population.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):465-476
465-476
World History and International Relations
The policy of the Golden Horde Khan Özbek in relation to the Russian lands in Englishlanguage historiography
Аннотация
The article examines historical studies devoted to the activities of the Golden Horde Khan Özbek in relation to the Russian principalities. This khan is noted for the fact that during his reign active interference in the affairs of the Russian principality began and the beginning of the rise of Moscow is associated with the name of this khan. Based on the analysis conducted, the degree of study of this topic by English-speaking historians and also the range of issues, that are at the center of their attention, are determined.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):477-481
477-481
The formation of early Masonic ideology in England in the 16th and 17th centuries
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the issues of formation and evolution of early Freemasonry ideology in England. The main attention is paid to the utopian works of T. More and F. Bacon, who influenced the London Freemasons movement, the authors of the book of Masonic Constitutions.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):482-487
482-487
The creation of the Bard: The search for national identity in 18th century English culture
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the problem of searching for “places of memory”, variants of national self-identity in the English culture of the Enlightenment era. It is shown that the long-term Anglo-French political rivalry prevented the use of the experience of continental neighbors in art, and the long-standing tradition of the historical genre, representing timeless eternal ethical values, has almost exhausted itself. English cultural figures turned to the national cultural heritage in the field of theatrical art, canonizing the personality and work of one of the playwrights of the turn of the XVI–XVII centuries W. Shakespeare.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):488-495
488-495
Anthony Blair’s first cabinet health policy: A matter of priorities
Аннотация
The article considers the health policy priorities of Anthony Blair’s first Labour government in the UK. It is shown that the social and economic policy of neo-conservatives led to crisis phenomena in the health care system; the creation of an internal market in the field of the National Health Service has caused numerous problems. The Labour Party, which was undergoing a transformation in the late 1980s, was looking for approaches to reform the health service. It is concluded that Tony Blair’s government offered its own solution to the crisis, which was called “the third way”. This concept has become a pragmatic approach that combines the market ideas of the neoconservatives and the unconventional approaches of the “traditional Labour”.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):496-502
496-502
Conjugation of the EAEU and China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Formation of political approaches and legal foundations
Аннотация
The article analyzes the conjugation between the Eurasian Economic Union and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in terms of political and legal cooperation. It examines the evolution of the partnership from initial arrangements to the development of specific conjugation mechanisms. The study focuses on key stages of cooperation: from political declarations to the formation of concrete conjugation frameworks. Particular attention is paid to differences in the parties’ approaches, harmonization of regulatory frameworks, and practical implementation results.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):503-510
503-510
Regional History and Local Studies
“We are not creating turmoil, but are looking for a happy way out of the difficult state of our Fatherland”: Zemstvo liberalism at the beginning of the 20th century (using the example of the Saratov Zemstvo)
Аннотация
The publication is devoted to the features of zemstvo liberalism in the provinces at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Saratov Zemstvo with its liberal program was at the head of the Russian zemstvo liberal movement. The article examines the discussions that arose around the discussion of the decisions of the St. Petersburg November Zemstvo Congress of 1904 and the features of the program for the political transformation of Russia, the key link of which was the creation of a bicameral parliament with legislative functions and a new electoral system based on universal, direct, equal, secret voting. The characteristic features of the strategy and tactics of the zemstvo opposition in 1904–1906 are analyzed. Contradictions within the liberal camp are revealed. The reasons for the change of leaders in the Saratov Zemstvo and the transfer of power to the right-wing liberals are considered.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):511-525
511-525
Family values and a child in Dagestan in late 19th – early 20th century: Historical and demographic aspect
Аннотация
The article examines the Dagestani family at the turn of the century. It notes that marital and family relations were rooted in religious beliefs. Authoritarian-patriarchal relationships characterized the family. Children were raised with unquestioning obedience and respect for their elders. It is concluded that during this period, the Dagestani family fragmented. However, traditional characteristics persisted: stable marriage, a patriarchal-authoritarian family structure, and large families.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):526-533
526-533
Cholera in the Lower Volga region: From the history of cholera epidemics in Russia in the 1820s and 1830s
Аннотация
The article is devoted to the history of cholera epidemics in the Russian Empire in the 20–30s of the XIX century with an emphasis on the events in the Lower Volga region in 1830–1831. Working with unique archival materials, the author made an attempt to restore the chronology of those alarming events from the appearance of patient zero in 1830 in the suburbs of Astrakhan to the spread of the epidemic beyond the Astrakhan province in the Lower Volga region, trying to find an answer to the question of why the second cholera epidemic, which began again on the Volga, acquired such a scale in such a short time. The article examines the content of a number of documents related to the correspondence of Emperor Nicholas I and A. Kh. Benckendorff with a number of officials who took part in the fight against cholera in the Lower Volga region. The correspondents who wrote reports to the capital were A. S. Osipov, V. Ya. Roslavets, I. Lavrov, Mikulin, M. Sobolevsky, V. Bykov, L. V. Dubelt and others. This correspondence, revealing the essence of the events that took place in Astrakhan, is stored in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as in the State Archives of the Saratov region.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):534-544
534-544
Problems of budget formation in Kuzbass during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)
Аннотация
The article analyzes the specifics of the functioning of the financial system of Kuzbass during the Great Patriotic War. Based on archival data, the conditions for planning the regional budget are considered, initially within the borders of Novosibirsk, and after 26 January 1943 – within the borders of the newly formed Kemerovo region. A comparative analysis of the economic development of Kuzbass with other regions of the country allocated during wartime is carried out. The expenditure and revenue items of the Kuzbass budget are analyzed, the problems encountered by the regional executive committee and the regional financial department in implementing budget policy during the hostilities are identified. The article summarizes the effectiveness of command planning and economic regulation methods in Kuzbass and the country as a whole in the context of military operations.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):545-556
545-556
Collecting warm clothes for soldiers and commanders of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War (based on materials from the Kuibyshev, Penza and Saratov regions)
Аннотация
During the Great Patriotic War, patriotic movements to help the front were launched in all rear regions of the country. The paper examines one of these initiatives to collect warm clothes for the soldiers and commanders of the Red Army in the Kuibyshev, Penza and Saratov regions. Their residents immediately responded to the authorities’ call to help the front. Based on archival material and newspaper publications of those years, the author comes to the conclusion that two directions can be distinguished in the movement under consideration: the collection one and the production one (knitting, felting boots, sewing, repairing) of warm clothing. The assistance from the civilian population in providing Soviet soldiers and officers with warm clothing became a significant contribution to the victory over the enemy.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):557-562
557-562
Critics and Bibliography
About Cyril without Methodius: A new study dedicated to the saint and the fate of his relics
Аннотация
The review is dedicated to the monograph by P. Ivanič, which tells about the life of Constantine the Philosopher and also tells the story of his remains. The author of the book managed to tell about the life of the saint and the controversial moments of his biography. The reviewer noted the controversial moments of the saint’s life, which the author of the book did not pay attention to, and made some conclusions about the place of this monograph in the voluminous Cyril and Methodius bibliography.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):563-565
563-565
The culture of the Trans-Volga rear in 1914–1917 in the contemporary edition experience of the City of Samara
Аннотация
The review is devoted to the first large-scale publication of sources on the culture of the Samara province during the First World War. The book was prepared by the staff of the Samara Regional Universal Scientific Library, among whom experienced historians which included experienced historians and was assisted by specialists from other cultural institutions. It meets modern criteria for the selection and publication of documentary materials. A contribution has been made to the study of the cultural life in a difficult era. It will intensify work on such publications on other territories.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(4):566-570
566-570