卷 25, 编号 1 (2025)
- 年: 2025
- 文章: 18
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1819-4907/issue/view/24492
完整期次
Russian History
The War of the Polish Succession in the Russian historiography of the XIX – early XXI century
摘要
The presented article shows the evolution of ideas about the War of the Polish Succession in Russian historiography, starting with the appearance of the first works on this problem in the XIX century and up to the most recent studies. The author concludes that three stages can be distinguished in the development of the study of this topic: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and postSoviet, each of which is characterized by specific features. During the study of the topic, a general conclusion was made about the need at the present stage to write a generalizing monograph on the War of the Polish Succession, which would take into account all currently available achievements in this field.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):4-11
4-11
Counterintelligence of the headquarters of the 12th Army in the First World War (1915–1917)
摘要
The little-known history of the counterintelligence department of the 12th Army headquarters is examined through the prism of the activities of two tools for countering espionage – the spy squad and secret employees. Based on unfamiliar archival documents introduced into scientific circulation (counterintelligence correspondence with gendarmerie departments, orders for the 12th Army, information on persons suspected of military espionage, reports on the detention of spies, lists of agents, etc.), a conclusion is made about unsatisfactory results of the work of army counterintelligence. Observant agents and secret employees showed their professional unsuitability in the fight against enemy agents. There was not enough legal and special knowledge and practical experience. In rare cases, the detention of a state criminal (German/Austrian agent ortraitortothe Motherland) ended with an inquiry or investigation,followed by legal proceedings. The skillful leadership principle – the organization of tactics and the strategy for identifying the military-criminal element – is also not visible. The bulk of the spies were detained by chance and, as a rule, on the front line of defense of the Russian army, thanks to the vigilance and observation of itsmilitary personnel.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):12-17
12-17
Russian military statistical institutions of the second quarter of the XIX century: The results of their practical activities
摘要
The article is devoted to the formation and activity of military statistical institutions in the Russian Empire in the first half of the XIX century. The ruling circles faced the task of establishing a serious and permanent organization of administrative and military statistics for the best management of the Russian armed forces, which were the backbone of the autocratic regime. In addition, it was necessary to collect comprehensive military statistical data on the country’s capabilities and on the military systems of leading nations. Respective military statistical bodies had to be established to keep records and compile analytical reporting material, both for the Ministry of War and personally to the head of state, the emperor. This process was underway in the second quarter of the 19th century, during the reign of Nicholas I, until the end of the Crimean War of 1853–1856. A special role in the military statistical study of the Russian Empire was played by the future minister-reformer of the armed forces D. A. Milyutin.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):18-23
18-23
World History
Ethics and political pragmatics in the First Philippic of Cicero against Mark Antony
摘要
The article analyzes the First Philippic against Mark Antony as a source that reveals both certain biographical circumstances in the life of Cicero, and his ideas and ideals related to the behavior of a politician. An analysis of the First Philippic as a political action, similar to the one that Cicero performed at the beginning of his career in his speech “Pro Roscio Amerino”, allows us to consider his relationship with Mark Antony in dynamics and to find out how the Philippics correlate with Cicero‘s ideas about politics accredited.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):24-30
24-30
Feminine and Effeminate: Perception of gender norms in 12th-century Anglo-Norman Historical Writing
摘要
The article examines how Anglo-Norman chroniclers of the first half of the 12th century wrote about condemned male and female behavior. The subject of study is the works of the most significant historians of the era – William of Malmesbury, John of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon and Orderic Vitalis. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that vivid stories involving heroes whose behavior does not correspond to the normative masculine and feminine, within the framework of the historical narrative, had the purpose not only to instruct, warn and entertain readers, but also served as an important tool for explaining the turning points of the English past.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):31-37
31-37
Marriage Alliances as a political tool in the Late Middle Ages (using the example of the fate of Marguerite of Angouleme)
摘要
The article is devoted to the problem of the marriage policy of the French royal house in the first quarter of the 16th century. The author identifies the political and dynastic reasons for the conclusion of princely marriages, the motives for choosing a marriage strategy. The article focuses on the sister of the French king, Marguerite of Angouleme, who played a prominent role not only in the history of France, but also influenced the political situation in Europe, creating prospects for brilliant marriage combinations that determine the policies of the leading European states of this era.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):38-43
38-43
England of the “Great century” and the problems of military construction (1603–1714)
摘要
The article shows the development of the idea and institution of standing army in Great Britain of the Stuart age. On the example of English militarization the process of formation of the military-fiscal state in the British Isles is shown. The main political event that led to the creation of a regular army was the Civil War. The navy was spawned by the confrontation with the United Provinces and France. It is concluded that the process of militarization of seventeenth-century England was an important part of state policy, both of the Crown and of its opponents.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):44-53
44-53
Historiosophy of I. A. Fessler
摘要
The article analyzes the main aspects of the historical and philosophical concept of I. A. Fessler. His views on the position of historical science in relation to other types of knowledge and forms of spiritual culture, the problematic of historical fact and truth, the concept of reliability and plausibility, the nature of knowledge, the driving forces of the historical process, the profession of a historian, the relationship between the author and the reader are considered. The religious character of Fessler’s historiosophy and its connection with the intellectual background of European thought of the late 18th and early 19th centuries is explored.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):54-60
54-60
The rise of protest sentiment in Virginia after the end of the French and Indian War of 1754–1763
摘要
The article, using materials from official government documents, as well as the American and British press and political journalism, analyzes the process of gradual change in the mood of Virginian society in the mid-18th century. It is shown that the process of formation of the political identity of the Virginian population was largely caused by changes in the nature of the relationship between the colony and the metropolis after the end of the French and Indian War of 1754–1763. Particular attention is paid to the motives of representatives of the ruling elites of Virginia, who had almost complete control over intra-colonial politics. In the dispute with the metropolis, they pursued not only their own personal goals, but also sought to take care of the welfare of the entire local community of the province. The conclusion is formulated that the successive attempts of Great Britain to introduce a new system of maintaining a regular army and new tax legislation into the colonies led to a crisis in relations, during which the virginians realized their own fundamental rights to free and independent decision-making in economic and political matters.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):61-67
61-67
The French occupation of Hamburg in 1806: The Continental blockade and smuggling
摘要
The article examines the relationship between France and Hamburg in the early 19th century, the experience of E. Mortier’s first occupation of the free city-state, as well as methods of circumventing the continental blockade regime of Napoleon Bonaparte by Hamburg residents. The conclusion is made about the natural flourishing of smuggling among the poor of Hamburg against the background of the ruinous policy of Napoleonic Paris in relation to the free city-state. Despite the trade restrictions dictated by Napoleon and the need to maintain the quartered soldiers of the Grand Army, the reaction of residents to such measures was negative, although it did not cause open unrest.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):68-74
68-74
International Relations
Italian expansion and British reaction in the Mediterranean (1920–1930)
摘要
The article examines the policy of Great Britain in the Mediterranean region in the years preceding the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The author turns to the analysis of British economic interests in the Mediterranean and the activities of the government in the interwar period. It is shown that the relatively soft position of Great Britain in relation to Italian expansion was dictated by economic and political circumstances. The author concludes that the British Empire absorbed a huge number of territories, at the same time it was impossible to control them in conditions of insufficient funding. Based on economic circumstances, the British political elite sacrificed interests in the Mediterranean region to strengthen its position east of the Suez Canal.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):75-80
75-80
Historical and legal aspects of the formation of Azerbaijan-Turkish (ottoman) relations at the beginning of the XX century
摘要
In this article the author analyzes the historical and legal origins of the formation of bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey. The political events of the early twentieth century are considered, as a result of which the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) was formed, as well as the political discourse in Azerbaijani society on the development of Azerbaijani-Ottoman relations. The result of the development of such political dialogue was the rapprochement and conclusion of a number of agreements between the ADR and the Ottoman Empire. To this day historical memory is one of the most important factors in the development of constructive modern relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):81-86
81-86
Franco-Russian rivalry in North Africa in the 2010s
摘要
The article is devoted to the rivalry between France and Russia in North Africa in the 2010s, when the spread of the Arab Spring in the region distorted the existing political landscape. France’s policy in North Africa, as well as Russia’s interests and objectives in the region are considered. The author notes the changing political and economic ties between the North African states and global actors in the context of the increasing frequency of crises in the global energy sphere and the gradual deterioration of the political situation between the EU and Russia.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):87-94
87-94
Regional History and Local Studies
The initial people of Saratov – Grigory Fedorovich Elizarov: Unknown pages of biography
摘要
The article presents for the first time the biography of Saratov voivode Grigory Fedorovich Elizarov, as well as brief information about his ancestors, the Murom nobles. G. F. Elizarov began his service at the court of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the late 1570s. Under tsars Fyodor Ivanovich and Boris Godunov, he served for a long time as an elected nobleman in Murom, and in this rank was appointed to Saratov. Having become a Moscow nobleman under False Dmitry I, G. F. Elizarov in 1606 led the opposition to Tsar Vasily Shuisky in the Murom district. Later, he continued his service as a voivode in the distant Siberian Ket prison. Special attention is paid in the article to the Saratov period of G. F. Elizarov’s life, the names of foreign ambassadors and guests who visited the city during this voivodeship are given.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):95-109
95-109
A. A. Geraklitov’s personal connections from the period of his work at the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission as a factor in his scientific biography
摘要
This article examines how informal connections of A. A. Geraklitov (1867–1933), established during his work in the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission (SSAC, Russian: Саратовская ученая архивная комиссия, СУАК) in 1908–1917, influenced his path in historical science. Based on the materials of personal correspondence, the circle of his closest comrades in the commission is outlined, through which a certain idea is given about the social and intellectual aspects of the SSAC. The influence of the socio-psychological aspects of belonging to a provincial historical community is considered. А. А. Geraklitov’s participation inthe congresses organized bymetropolitan scientific societies andthe resulting contacts with the representatives of other scientific archival commissions, are characterized, as well as the interaction with the university community, which has most likely contributed to his entry into the teaching staff of the newly established historical and philological faculty of the Saratov University.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):110-117
110-117
American Relief Administration (ARA) and its participation in the fight against hunger in the Volga region (early 1920s)
摘要
The article examines the activities of the American Relief Administration (ARA), a US charitable organization in Russia, during the mass famine of 1921–1923, and shows its specific role in eliminating hunger in the Saratov Volga region. 300 employees who came from America and about 10,000 Soviet citizens were involved in providing assistance. The humanitarian mission helped starving children and the sick with food, clothing, and meditsines, primarily in the most famine-stricken provinces of the Volga region. ARA was also involved in sending parcels from individuals or other organizations to rescue the hungry. The budget of the ARA used to overcome hunger in Russia exceeded $ 60 million. The analysis of the activities of the ARA demonstrates a high degree of compassion and solidarity between government agencies and the public of the United States, shown in relation to the population of a number of regions of Russia facing the threat of extinction.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):118-129
118-129
The assistance of the population of Saratov and the region to hospitals during the Great Patriotic War
摘要
During the Great Patriotic War, the rear areas of the country became centres where a network of evacuation and local hospitals was created. One of those regions was the Saratov Volga region. The paper considers the patriotic movements that unfolded in Saratov and the region to provide various assistance from the population to hospitals in which wounded soldiers and officers of the Red Army were treated. The author comes to the conclusion that people of the city and villagers immediately responded to the calls of the local authorities for help. At the same time, the residents of the region themselves came up with patriotic initiatives that found the widest support. Comprehensive assistance to hospitals became a significant contribution of the population of the Saratov region to the victory over the enemy.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):130-135
130-135
Critics and Bibliography
Portrait of the historian in the coordinates of his time: Students about their teacher and mentor
摘要
The review characterizesthemain provisions ofthe second, corrected and supplemented edition of the book by P. Kabytov and N. Fedorova, devoted to the description of the life, research and teaching activities of professor I. M. Ionenko. The authors of reviewed book, former students and graduate students of Ionenko talk about his formation as a historian, his achievements as a historian and social activities. Personality of the Teacher and mentor, who taught his students a professional approach to historical reseaches, is revealed in the context of the time in which he lived and worked. The book emphasized that when preparing young historians, it is not only to equip them with the tools of historical research, but also to establish a spiritual connection between the mentor and his students. The authors managed to convey the charm of personality of their Teacher, who taught them not only to extract and summarise information, but also to arrange it in the system of moral coordinates. In the review is concluded that the release of the second edition of the book indicates its necessity and demand.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(1):136-141
136-141