Vol 24, No 2 (2024)
Russian History
New data about Novgorod resident Ivan Shusherin the author of the biography of Patriarch Nikon
Abstract
The article deals with the biography of Ivan Shusherin, the author of the “Life” of Patriarch Nikon. Based on new archival data, it was established the previously unknown circumstances of Ivan Shusherin’s ten-year stay in exile in Novgorod and his own letters, written in extremely beautiful handwriting are discovered. Analysis of the text of the “Life” allowed the author to clarify the dating of the “Life” and the intent of this work – the most important source on the history of the Russian church in the second half of the 17th century.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):144-151
144-151
Dmitrii Alekseevich Miliutin – One of the Founders of the Russian Military Statistics
Abstract
The article is dedicated to a prominent military figure, a scientist, a future reformer of the armed forces of the Russian Empire, who laid the theoretical foundations of a new military science – military statistics. This science contained a variety of information about states, their territories, population, political structure, industrial potential and armed forces. According to the author of the fundamental two-volume work “First Attempts at Military Statistics” only a systemic and critical analysis of state armed forces could constitute the aim and subject of military statistics, its instruction in the Imperial Military Academy as only then Russian military higher educational establishment found in the first half of the 19th century. The work “First Attempts at Military Statistics” became one of the main research works at the Imperial Military Academy, a theoretical basis for the methodology of military statistical research. D. A. Miliutin made a significant contribution to the fourth edition of the seventeen-volume “Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire” and “Yearbook of the Russian Army”, which had a significant impact on the formation of Russian military statistics and on the formation of Russian geostrategy.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):152-158
152-158
Government and agricultural cooperation in Russia at the beginning of the XX century
Abstract
The article examinesthe relationship between government and agricultural cooperation in Russia. First of all,the oppressive activities of the central office, which was represented by various ministries and departments, as well as the activities of the local administration, represented by the Institute of governors, provincial committees on small loans, inspections of small loans at local branches of the State Bank, zemstvo chiefs, and the police are being investigated.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):159-165
159-165
Pioneer literature of the 1920s as an educational practice of the soviet Government
Abstract
The article analyzes the literature of the pioneer organization in order to display the basic principles of the state educational policy for children in the 1920s. The main types of pioneer literature of the 1920s are considered: organizational documentation, in particular, the Charter of the pioneer organization, periodicals, fiction, pioneer folklore(chants, songs, etc.). The specifics of the literary texts of the pioneer organization at the regional level are studied on the example of the Samara pioneer organization, and their main semantic components are also indicated.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):166-172
166-172
The Stakhanovites of the peat industry of the 1930s: An answer to the modernization challenge of the era
Abstract
The article examines the development of the Stakhanov movement in the peat industry of the USSR on the example of centralized peat farms of Glavtorf and peat processing of individual industrial enterprises and trusts in the territory of the Kuibyshev, Penza regions and the Mordovian ASSR during the pre-war five-year plans. The source base of the article was the funds of the Russian State Archive of Economics, regional archives of the Penza, Samara regions and the Republic of Mordovia, articles by peat specialists, an autobiographical brochure by the drummer Nikolai Zezyulin. Unlike other industries, for which historians have noted an increase in accidents, the specifics of the work of Stakhanovites on peat-mining machines were manifested in the prevention of breakdowns and improvement of equipment. In the peat industry at the all-Union and regional levels, there was a combination of material and moral factors stimulating the Stakhanov movement.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):173-180
173-180
Relations with allies in the anti-Hitler coalition in the process of repatriation of Soviet citizens: Difficulties and contradictions (1944– 1945)
Abstract
The article examines the problems of the history of relations between the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition in the process of repatriation of Soviet citizens at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War and after its end. The reasons that prevented the return of Soviet citizens to their homeland in 1944–1945 due to the fault of the Anglo-American allies are investigated.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):181-187
181-187
“Through the eyes of friends”: The use of the international agenda in the Soviet festive propaganda discourse (based on the materials of the 1957 anniversary celebrations in Leningrad)
Abstract
Based on the material of the periodical press, texts of festive radio broadcasts and documents of the Soviet and party authorities of Leningrad, the features of using the international agenda as one of the tropes of festive propaganda discourse are recreated. On the example of jubilee celebrations in 1957 In the USSR, the author comes to the conclusion that the use of international themes in the information coverage of holidays contributed to strengthening the positive image of the USSR as an international leader in the eyes of Soviet citizens, and also allowed creating impressions of the celebrations as world-wide events.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):188-192
188-192
World History and International Relations
The story of liberated Hamburg in the spring of 1814
Abstract
This article examines the history of the liberation of General L. L. Bennigsen in the spring of 1814 the city-state of Hamburg from soldiers of the Great Army of Napoleon. After a grueling, almost year-long occupation of a crowded city that has survived the destruction of entire districts, the looting of a local bank, the expulsion of part of the local population from the city, an epidemic of typhus, which claimed the lives of several thousand people, the citizens welcomed the Allied Coalition Forces in the vicinity of their city again. In contrast to the first liberation of the city from the French in the spring of 1813 local authorities now prepared for official celebrations more thoroughly. A special regulation was drawn up and the rules of conduct for the entry of Allied troops into the city were communicated to the citizens through the press. The main imperative of both the city and the Allied military command is to avoid revenge excesses. Also, the article, based on the analysis of sources of personal origin and the press of that time, reveals the perception of occupation by the allied troops of the city as a local population and Russian officers.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):193-199
193-199
Trade and economic relations between Armenia and Russia in the post-Soviet period
Abstract
The article examines the problems and prospects of post-Soviet integration on the example of trade and economic relations between Armenia and Russia. The reasons for Armenia’s accession to the EAEU and at the same time the signing of the Comprehensive and Expanded Partnership Agreement with the EU, which is considered a simplified version of the Association Agreement are analyzed. The author studies new vectors of development of the Republic of Armenia after the change of political leadership as a result of the “velvet revolution” of 2018 as a manifestation of greater pragmatism in integration cooperation with the EAEU countries and protection of national interests in the conduct of a multi-vector policy.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):200-209
200-209
Collaboration of the countries of the British Commonwealth of Nations (Australia, Canada, New Zealand) on the issue of preserving the indigenous peoples’ cultural heritage
Abstract
The article provides an overview of current topics in Russian and foreign research on indigenous issues, on the basis of which the interest and low study degree of collaboration of the British Commonwealth of Nations countries on the issue of preserving the indigenous peoples’ cultural heritage is shown. Using materials from original sources, the article highlights the history of relations among the native peoples and colonists of Australia, Canada and New Zealand in the 18th – 21st centuries. The historical events influenced the formation and underlie modern cooperation among countries on issues of preserving cultural heritage. The evolution and main areas of cooperation are shown, without which it is impossible to implement the concept of maintaining cultural diversity and cooperation on issues of preserving the aboriginal peoples’ material and non-material culture, as well as the formation of a new humanitarian direction in the foreign policy activities of these countries with the direct participation of the First nations.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):210-219
210-219
Conceptual basis of the Arctic strategy of the Trump administration
Abstract
Adhering to the problem-thematic method of presenting the material when studying intra-system changes occurring in the Arctic subsystem of international relations atthe presenttime,the authorfocused on specific aspects: Washington’smilitary strategy, nature and natural resources, environmental, socio-economic problems, development of mineral deposits in complex natural conditions, agricultural problems, medical-biological and sanitary-hygienic areas.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):220-226
220-226
The American political class and the international agenda: Common and special in the context of the 2024 elections
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the views of politicians within the Democratic and Republican parties in the United States on the basic problems of American foreign policy. The main focus is on a comparative analysis of such problems as the current state and future of the globalization, US trade and industrial policy, boundaries of using the military force, strategy of “pivot to Asia”, relations with allies, climate change. It is concluded that although American foreign policy remains bipartisan at this stage, nevertheless, as a result of the 2024 elections, this balance may be disrupted.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):227-233
227-233
Regional History and Local Studies
Formation of a research base on the Saratov voivodes of 1590–1700
Abstract
The article deals with the question of how the accumulation of information about the leaders of Saratov, who served here since the founding of the city and up to the beginning of the XVIII century. It is shown how this process is connected with the publication of various documentary sources during the XIX – early XX centuries, with the publication of genealogical collections and biographical dictionaries, as well as with the creation of the Saratov Academic Archival Commission. The names of the researchers who dealt with this issue are given. It is noted that quite often a long period oftime passes betweenthe publication of sources or biographical dictionaries, which contain information about the voivodes of Saratov, and the use of these works by regional researchers.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):234-246
234-246
From the history of the struggle of political prisoners for their rights: The riot in Tsaritsyn prison
Abstract
In the article, when researching the events related to the riot of prisoners in Tsaritsyn prison in June 1904, various aspects of the stay of political prisoners in prisons of the Russian Empire are comprehensively considered, with an emphasis on the study of tactics and methods of their confrontation with the prison administration, which they articulated as a struggle for their rights and dignity, considering it as a continuation of the revolutionary struggle with tsarism. The article shows the conditions and causes of the maturation of the riot, as an excess of confrontation between political prisoners and the prison administration, and analyzes its consequences.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):247-254
247-254
Defense of the Volga River delta in September–November 1919
Abstract
This article explores a little-studied subject of the civil war in the Astrakhan region. The purpose of the research was to study the combat operations of the 11th Army compounds, which made up the defense of the Volga River delta in the fall of 1919. The Volga River delta defense area, which included the western (Yashkul and Kizlyar directions) and eastern (Dzhambay direction) battle areas, was created on August 24, 1919. In the Dzhambay direction up to the middle of November 1919 the task of active defense of its area was set, which was replaced by the order to eliminate the enemy. In the Kizlyar direction the red troops were assigned the task of stopping the advance of the white troops with their subsequent destruction. In September-November 1919, all the tasks assigned to the command of the Volga River delta defense area were successfully accomplished.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):255-263
255-263
Church and state policy: Problems of interaction (based on the example of the Saratov Volga region 1917–1920s)
Abstract
The authors of the article, based on archival material, characterize and analyze the measures of the Soviet government in relation to the church and believers in the 1917–1920s. The article examines events related to the confiscation of churches from believers, the seizure of church valuables from religious buildings in the Saratov Volga region under the pretext of helping the hungry. The authors provide statistical data on the closure of churches, the number of confiscated valuables in the region, conclude that the confiscation of church valuables was accompanied by criminal prosecution of innocent people for their disappearance, and also try to discuss the eternal topic of good and evil, self-defense of a system that crushes everything on his way.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):264-269
264-269
National personnel in state and party authorities in the Lower Volga region (1928–1932): Preparation, retraining and accounting
Abstract
The article examines the organization of the process of accounting, training and retraining of national personnel in the Lower Volga region during the period of the first five-year plan, when the success of economic, economic and political campaigns carried out in the country was largely determined by the intensification of efforts in the field of training personnel for the party and state apparatus. As practice shows, the authorities were ableto achieve a systematic accounting of personnel inthe system of Soviet and party bodies only in 1929–1930 – in conditions of regionalization and systemicmovements, itturned outto be difficultto generate data onthe reserve of leading personnel. A serious problem inthe process of organizing training and retraining of personnel was the low starting level of education of employees (the exception was the German and Ukrainian population of the region). At the same time, the campaign to eliminate illiteracy carried out in the region did not qualitatively change the situation – and at the end of the five-year plan, the percentage of simply literate Soviet and party cadres, often without special education, will remain high.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2024;24(2):270-280
270-280