Vol 23, No 171 (2018)

The relevance of professional suitability study of higher educational institution lecturer is founded. The existing correlation between professional activity and individual qualities of the lecturer is analyzed. The activity with specific requirements to the lecturer makes him develop some special individual-professional qualities. And vice versa, individual qualities realized in professional activity of the lecturer and providing its success get personal sense. The concrete requirements to the profession “human-human” in the activity of higher educational institution lecturer are given. The professional suitability of the higher educational institution lecturer is founded as probable characteristics of its individuality, reflecting not only the possibilities but also urge (motivation, value orientations) of the lecturer to reach high results in the activity with the appropriate professional preparation. This category is dynamic, its becoming is considered in two aspects through creation of value orientations and motivation for this type of activity and by the way of creation of appropriate conditions for development of individual-professional qualities. The data of experimental research of opinions of lecturers and students on the issue of professional suitability of higher educational institution lecturer are presented. The possible correlation of pedagogic and scientific activity in the context of their influence on the components of professional suitability of higher educational institution lecturer is analyzed.

Social-economic processes taking place in society actualize the problem of social protection and support for children-orphans and children left without parental care. Researchers in the field note the lack of life skills by graduate outside the orphanage. Diagnosis like the technology of social work allows to select the level of development of life skills, to correct the training program for independent living of children. Diagnosis of formation of life skills for children-orphans and children left without parental care is seen as a process of gathering information about social issues in order to develop the program of its decision, including counseling, correction, therapy, rehabilitation. Diagnosis of formation of life skills for children-orphans organized as during the child’s stay in the institution, and in the post-orphanage period. The diagnostic tools is selected, taking into account the direction of the institution, the specifics of society, gender, age, education, life experience of the pupil; on the basis of selected parameters, criteria and indicators for independence. Important indicators of formation of life skills by children-orphans and children left without parental care is the knowledge of life in the various areas and appropriate behavior; the ability of pupils to make a conscious choice, mastery of the structure of activities for the implementation of the decision; responsible and active in resolving problems. Diagnosis of formation of life skills for children-orphans and children left without parental care, to evaluate their level, the degree of formation and timely action to build an algorithm to solve the problems of a particular child for a better integration into society and preventing many illegal acts.

As a result of the implementation of the extensive approach in the USSR, a state system of special schools and specialized out-of-school institutions was created, which enabled most children and adolescents to realize their interests, develop their abilities, choose a profession, and many, achieve high results in various fields of professional activity. The modern period is characterized by the beginning of the implementation of an intensive approach: the state adopts policy documents that define a set of measures for working with gifted children in the country; studies are carried out, concepts and models for the development of children’s giftedness are developed, a system of competitive measures is in place to identify gifted children and provide them with support through scholarships and grants; at the initiative of the President of Russian and support of business structures in the regions of the country, a network of educational centers for working with gifted children are being created. Modern educational practice testifies to the integration of extensive and intensive technologies in working with gifted children, tested and proven effective in the Soviet and modern periods. Currently, the main condition for the creation of an effective system for the support of gifted children and talented youth is the formation of mechanisms for interaction between the state and business structures in order to unite the resources and potential of each partner.

The relevance of the results of the research presented is the need to ensure the viability of a country facing the global challenges. The key element in ensuring the viability of the country is defined by the population, which by its thinking and actions is called upon to support the national idea. Thus, we are talking about the formation of patriotism through a system of patriotic education. The various theoretical approaches to the formation of the concepts of “patriotism”, “patriotic education” are considered. The historical development of the investigated concept, the application of various approaches to patriotic education of the population taking into account changing external factors are shown. System analysis revealed the need for special attention to the stages of the formation of a person’s personality for the formation of patriotism in her, which led to an accentuation of attention in the adolescent period and consideration of the influence of modern conditions, methods of influence on adolescents. The main components of patriotic education, which are necessary for application at the present time, including in the educational environment are identified. At the same time, it is noted that changes in approaches to patriotic education should leave unchanged the basic foundation of patriotic foundations: love for the big and small native land, readiness for its protection, preservation of national customs and traditions, activities for the benefit of their motherland.

The success of the multi-year process of training and achieving high results in sport depends on a number of factors such as: duration of the constant physical activity; the continuity of the training sessions, the optimal age at which most favorably the skills involved are described, individual characteristics, moral and volitional qualities; traits of an athlete; the growth of sports qualification and skills; at what age to start a serious and meaningful sports and when to began special training to do this sport. In polyathlon age periods to achieve the highest results in the most stable state. The way of athletes from beginners to masters of sport and higher to last about 8-10 years on average. Depending on the individuality of polyathlon athlete, living conditions and training regimes, slight deviations are possible age areas. For example, if an athlete comes to the section of the polyathlon, and before that he was involved in another sport, like swimming, it will be much easier to learn and faster he will achieve better results than other newcomers. Also the individual approach is important. Gifted and talented student can show good results and most rapidly achieve mastery after the beginning of a serious and prolonged exercise. In the process of perfecting sports skill the intensity of training increases and training load becomes the maximum. Professional athletes of high qualification classes are held every day seven days a week for a few workouts a day. As travelers use the less busy days, where the predominant light cross, ski trip, cycling, shooting blanks. The polyathlon is one of the sports that involves diverse theoretical, psychological, physical and technical training, which depends on the results. The training process of polyathlon athlete is a greater intensity and volume of training, as well as huge mental stress, so it is necessary to alternate exercise and rest intelligently. A huge impact having the ability to switch from one activity to another when certain movements are replaced by others, different in its structure and technology is considered.

The issues of inclusive teaching of the disabled people and people with health disabilities in secondary technical schools are considered. According to the data of World Health Organization of the Disabled Children and People with Health Disabilities there are more than 10-12 millions disabled children, most of which do not study in secondary schools yet. And the amount of such children is increasing. The basis of the latest changes in Russia in the sphere of education is not only the vector of quality of education increase for all children, including the disabled children and people with health disabilities, but also the creation of the conditions for their development taking into consideration personified peculiarities of every child. Mostly these tasks will be decided by the organization of inclusive education system.

Training of information security specialists is accompanied by high dynamics of the subject area and its increasing interdependence from developing information technologies. It is supposed that the specification of the scientific basis of the comparative study of the training of information protection specialists will allow us to orient our searches in the direction of taking into account the needs of Russia in this sphere, the trends in the development of the subject area and its technical base, the best world practice and a new stage in the technological development of society. It id substantiated that the training of specialists in the field of information security is a goal-oriented process (which depends on the set goals and planned results); Result (fixing the appropriation by the individual, society and state of values, as well as the result of providing the training system of a specialist with conditions conducive to the formation of a specialist in the information society); factors of change of system qualities of process of preparation of the expert: adaptability, variability, flexibility, integrity, dynamism and stability. The conclusion is made that it is expedient to apply the aspect, synergetic, informational and historical-logical methodological approaches when conducting a comparative study of the training of specialists in the field of information security. The stages and comparison criteria for the analysis of national systems for training specialists in the field of information security are viewed.

The relationship between the development of pedagogical theory and the formation of scientific-pedagogical school, the relationships between traditions and innovations in scientific pedagogy are considered, the basic principles and ideas of educational theory which formed the basis for the creation of the most important and, in fact, the only in the Republic of Belarus scientific-pedagogical school in the field of theory and practice of modern education are examined. Ivan Kharlamov (1920-2003) is doctor of pedagogy, professor, honoured scientific worker of the BSSR (1980), academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1990), academician of the National Academy of Belarus (1995), foreign member of the Russian Academy of Education (1999), State Prize winner of Belarus (for the textbook “Pedagogy” (2000)). Author of over 300 scientific works, including more than 20 monographs and textbooks; founder of the most powerful pedagogical theory and the most important scientific-pedagogical school in the Republic of Belarus. The comparative analysis of I.F. Kharlamov’s educational theory and J. Edelman’s theory of Neural Darwinism may lead to the discovery of many cognitive phenomena that can transform the theory and practice of modern education and personal development.

Scientific contribution of the former director of Belgorod and Voronezh Teacher’s Institutes Alexey Konstantinovich Dimitriu (1857-1925) in the Byzantine studies is considered. As a result of the analysis of literature sources the authors show the significance of the works of A.K. Dimitriu dedicated to the Russian contracts with the Greeks and the work of Procopius of Caesarea “The Secret History”, which is still referenced by most prominent scientists - byzantinists and experts on the history of Ancient Russia. The works of well-known researchers on the history of Ancient Russia and Byzantium A.M. Vvedensky, M.B. Sverdlov, A.N. Sakharov, A. Gotlib are studied. Special attention is paid to the fundamental labour of A.K. Dimitriu, published in Odessa in 1894 and dedicated to “The Secret History” of Procopius of Caesarea - the prominent historian of the early Byzantine era. The importance of the above-mentioned works of A.K. Dimitriu, consisting in the fact that in four years after its release, it has been cited in the article of A. Gottlieb “Procopius the Historian”, printed in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron is highlighted. The research of the published studies and archival data shows that the scientific supervisors to A.K. Dimitriu were major byzantinists of that time Professor F.I. Uspensky and E.R. von Stern.

The characteristics of political views of the Orthodox clergy in the period of liberal reforms at the edge of 19-20th centuries where participated the representatives of Russian Orthodox Church is given. Using comparative-historic method the changes in political non-homogeneous church milieu during two decades preceding local council in 1917-1918 are analyzed and also the reasons of lack of consolidation of liberal part of clergy with monarchists and center-right political parties. It is founded that liberalism of orthodox clergy and liberalism of secular society which autocratic power used in home politics tactics were different. Recognizing liberal freedoms and accepting the necessity of reforms, the clergy was for them by the way of enlightenment, trusteeship and other methods, according to the traditions of orthodoxy and constructive interaction of church, state and society. Thus, clergy was right and more conservative than autocratic power trying to weaken the positions of the church and it was stable in the centre of political specter when secular liberals were moving to its left flank.

The issue of the use of prisoners of war in the construction of hydroconstructions along the river Tsna during the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years is considered. The basis for this large-scale construction was the plan of the government of the USSR to develop navigation on small rivers of the country. For this work in Tambov region, both prisoners of war and civilians were involved. Work was conducted in difficult weather conditions, often in cold water. The authorities of the Tsninstroy obviously paid little attention to the working and living conditions of prisoners of war, which led to their malnutrition, mass diseases and even mortality. Control of camp management was carried out constantly, but could not solve all problems. The production planning targets were imposed on the leadership of the camps, which prevented them from radical improvement of the living conditions of prisoners of war and make Tsninstroy improve conditions of life of prisoners of war. Nevertheless, by 1949 the bulk of the work had been completed and the entire hydrosystem on to the Tsna was put into operation, having played a large role in the further development of the economy of the Tambov region.

The main characteristics of the principle of historicity, used in modern hermeneutics are revealed. The content of the concept of “historicity” in the theory of historical consciousness of W. Dilthey, who developed the version of hermeneutics as a methodology of the sciences of the spirit are revealed. W. Dilthey realized the inadequacy of psychological categories as the basis for understanding man and his life, and instead proposed the notion of historicity. Hermeneutic philosophy pays particular attention to the historical character of cognition of external reality and the life of the human being. Man is not just another of the many objects of the physical world, but a living subject that interprets the world in the context of historically inherited cultural meanings and interrelations. The contribution of M. Heidegger and H.-G. Gadamer to understanding the principle of historicity as an ontological characteristic of human existence is also discussed. This principle assumes an analysis of the mode of being of a person as being in time, and not subordinate to him, because both the experience of consciousness and the external empirical experience have a temporal structure.