Prevention of cardiac overload in basketball players with minor cardiac anomalies using abdominal decompression: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Basketball players in connection with the specifics of selection are most susceptible to overvoltage of the heart. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the development and introduction of methods into the training process that increase the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system.

AIM: Establish the efficiency of using the abdominal decompression method in the training process of athletes of basketball players with small heart developmental abnormalities to reduce the risk of heart overvoltage.

METHODS: A study of the state of the cardiovascular system of 53 athletes, basketball players who are training at the FGBOU base at the National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after P.F. Lesgaft and the center of Olympic training in basketball named after V.P. Kondrashin. Together criteria: basketball players, men, acting athletes, age of 18–25 years, sports experience of at least 5 years, candidates for masters of sports. The criteria of non-inclusion are the lack of small anomalies of heart development, potentially dangerous arrhythmias at the time of the first study. Exception criteria are poor tolerance of abdominal decompression, passing of abdominal decompression procedures. Small anomalies in the development of the heart were diagnosed according to the results of echocardiography. Throughout the year, athletes of the main group (n=12) were held 6 courses of abdominal decompression. In the control group (n=12), abdominal decompression was not carried out. At the beginning of the general preparatory and beginning of the transition period, the basketball players of the control and main groups were examined, including Holter Daily ECG monitoring, the determination of myocardial antigen in the blood, the determination of cortisol and testosterone with the subsequent calculation of the anabolism index, the determination of the general and effective albumin with the calculation of the toxicity index, and the toxicity. Determination of oxidized lipoproteins.

RESULTS: Small anomalies of heart development were diagnosed in 24 (45.3%) basketball players. The high efficiency of the abdominal decompression method has been established to prevent heart overvoltage in basketball players with small heart developmental abnormalities. The main effect of abdominal decompression to increase the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system and the prevention of overvoltage in basketball players is associated with a decrease in endogenous intoxication and to a lesser extent with the normalization of metabolic processes. We have not established the influence of abdominal decompression on the severity of oxidative stress. Unwanted reactions to abdominal decompression were not detected in athletes.

CONCLUSION: Abdominal decompression has the most pronounced potential for use by athletes with small anomalies of heart development to reduce endogenous intoxication and normalize the ratio of catabolic and anabolic processes. Against this background, there is an increase in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system of basketball players to training and competitive loads, expressed in a decrease in the risk of heart overvoltage.