Vol 27, No 2 (2024)

We investigate the mechanisms leading to genetic divergence in the system of panmectic populations coupled by migration and living in the habitat of the ring shape. It is considered the variants of unlimited and limited population growth. In the first case, divergence occurs as part of the transition process moving towards a genetically homogeneous population. In the second case, divergence occurs and persists, leading to a heterogeneous spatial distribution of individuals.

The  author provides the phytocenosis characteristics in the Lilium callosum and Iris ensata place of growth, as well as the data for each species on the number of individuals in the cenopopulation, frequency of occurrence, ontogenetic structure, and vitality. It is also provided morphometric parameters of individuals, in order to assess the species cenopopulation state. The author offers the measures for these rare plants protection. 

This study was conducted to investigate the processes of intraspecific competition dependent on the relative position of trees and the forest standinitial density. To quantify the tension of competitive relations, it is proposed to use a statistical cross-correlation function. The values of this function when analyzing spatial data can serve as a threshold value characterizing the occurrence of thinning processes.

Based on the materials of hydro-biological studies for the period of 2021-2023 in the water area of the Kuibyshev reservoir within the Saralinsky section of the Volga-Kama Reserve, the authors monitored changes in zooplankton and zoobenthos quantitative indicators, decreased in the last year and characterized by a change in dominant groups, especially in biomass.

The author considers issues of the marine ecological network formation on the example of the Sea of Okhotsk. Using GIS technologies, five key ecological areas have been identified. Marine currents and migratory routes of seabirds are used as ecological corridors. In case of conflict situations with other types of environmental management, it is proposed to use the procedure of marine spatial planning.

The article presents facts about the autumn-winter territorial nesting life of the magpie (Pica pica) in Birobidzhan (Middle Amur region). The author has described scattered observations starting from 2004 and watching of one pair of magpies for the spring period of 2005–2007.

It was revealed that in the autumn-winter period, the sedentary magpies of Birobidzhan, along with attachment to the permanent nesting area, show an interest in last year’s nests located within it.They also show the elements of reproductive and nest-building behavior. Thus, autumn-winter period may serve both as a period of experiencing an unfavorable season and as a kind of pre-nesting period, allowing some sedentary pairs adaptation for earlier and more successful nesting.

The last year’s nest protection by magpies makes sense as it preserves a supply of building material that can be used at an earlier date, even if there is snow cover. Guarding the last year’s nest and the territory probably enhances guarding and reproductive behavior. In addition, this material gives an idea of some nesting biology aspectsof magpiein the Jewish Autonomous region and the annual life cycle timing of this species.

Due to the results of observations, the author has clarified the average annual number of woodcocks Scolopax rusticola in the taiga («Bureinsky» and «Dublikansky» nature reserves) and coniferous-broad-leaved forests ( «Bastak»nature reserve) of the Bureinsky mountain range. 

In the paper, the authors analyze dynamics of the ungulates  inhabiting the Jewish Autonomous region. They use a discrete-time model of a sex-structured population with density-dependent limitation of juvenile survival.  Model parameters are estimated based on an approach that accounts the total population size and allows presentation of the structured model as a one-dimensional recurrent delayed equation. The results obtained show that population sizes of elk, red deer, roe deer, and musk deer demonstrate stable dynamics.

The author substantiates prospects for the «Dichun» nature reserve to use it as a landfill for the Amur goral reintroduction. The value of the Amur goral lies in its rarity. This species historical range analysis shows the population subdivision into two groups – coastal and continental. The continental grouping has no experience of reintroduction. This species restoration in the north of its historical range is important for both the conservation of biodiversity and  tourist attraction.

Theungulates numberdependence on the Mongolian oak and the Korean pine nut productivity is considered in the work. It was revealed that years with a bountiful harvest of the Mongolian oak acorns resulted in the wild boar number increase. Such a relationship was not found for the Red deer and the Siberian roe deer.

The transport networks development in the Russian Far East relates to the problem of social-economic development of the region. Additional industrial and, primarily, mining  projects in infrastructure zones could provide the territories with effective development. At this, accounting for the hierarchy of objectswould significantly affect the management of mining projects and territorial development.

The paper deals with the problems and prospects for improving seismological monitoring through the creation of a numerous low-cost seismic stations network. The authors consider the world experience in creating and using such devices.  They show a possible configuration of the planned 50 seismic stations network on both the Khabarovsk and adjacent territories example, having assessed its effectiveness and  highlighted the opportunities and prospects for such a network creation.

The paper describes the soil cover diversity of the Middle Amur Lowland mountains (within the limits of the Jewish Autonomous region). The author presents the results of the main soil types taxonomic names transference  into the modern classification system format.

The runoff of dissolved substances in the Amur River water  near Khabarovsk during very high floods of 2020–2021 has been considered by the authors. It is established that at the floods crest, the runoff included 198–209 thousand tons of dissolved substances per day.

In the work, it is studied the state dynamics of sand formations, connected with Lake Baikal level increase, in deltas of the main tributaries. It is observed a significant decrease in the length and area of islands, peninsulas, and sand bars in the lacustrine parts of deltas. In some places, the islands configuration has changed, and braid bars have formed.

The author resents the study results of the Engorboysky thermal springwhichis the only nitrogen thermal spring outside the Baikal Rift Zone in Western Transbaikalia. According to its chemical composition, water belongs to the HCO₃-Cl-SO₄-Ca-Na type, with a high content of  active balneological components: chloride, fluoride, silicic acid. The author gives current state characteristics and prospects for using the spring for medical and recreational purposes.

The author has studied changes in the Khabarovsk green infrastructure since 2003, when a team of scientists and specialists developed the Landscaping concept for the town, and the municipal government experience in the town green infrastructure development for the period of twenty years. It is shown a significant expansion of green spaces in the town landscaping system. The local protected areas network of  has been expanded to 109.21 ha. It is planned to build 19 intra-district parks and public gardens. Based on the results of green spaces inventory, a long-term target program «Development of landscaping in the town of Khabarovsk for 2012–2020»is being successfully executed. Special attention is paid to increasing the productivity of urban nurseries of green spaces. 

The material identifies environmental problems relevant to Russian cities.  Importance of the urbanized territories sustainable development concept is reflectedin the work. It is proposed the environmental indicators of sustainable urban development, in order to improve the regulatory framework and environmental management processes aimed at the formation of a favorable living environment.

The authors have considered the features of uranium, thorium and potassium distribution in the upper layer of technogenic soil in closed industrial waste landfill in Ulan-Ude and the adjacent area. The average uranium content in the study area exceeds the regional background  by 1.8 times, thorium by 2.0 times, and potassium by 1.7 times. It is shown that buried waste does not have a significant impact on the background radiation at the landfill location. The increased radiation level in this area is associated with the geochemical characteristics of the Sotnikovsky formation rock  where the landfill is located.

The Far Eastern cuisinehas appeared due to the unique features of the Far East – its geographical location, climatic condition, historical, social-cultural development, and ethnogenesis.

In the article it is considered the author’s approach to the methodology for analyzing food independence of the constituent entities, by the example of the Jewish Autonomous region. It is determined that for an objective self-sufficiency indicator assessment, it is necessary to evaluate precisely the level of food dependence, which represents the percentage ratio of the produced product share andthe indicator value. The author gives a definition of food dependence. The levels of food dependence are categorized according to the Food Security Doctrine product items. It is substantiated the development of scale and matrix for food dependence. They can be used as a template when assessing  local production indicators by all Russian Federation subjects.

The article deals with the features of China’s inland waterway transport formation and development. The authors consider the IWT major achievements in the framework of the ongoing reforms by the Chinese Government. The main directions of the IWT strategy of development  are given in the key blocks: infrastructure, management system, financing, ecology and security, education and training.

The main types of activities in the forests of the Baikal region are identified and characterized using the example of the Central ecological zone of the Baikal natural area. In accordance with forestry and environmental legislation, the main problems and prospects for their development have been identified.

The article examines the current trends in population reproduction in the southern regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. There has been a drop in the birth rate, with the highest reduction rates typical for the Primorsky Territory. The increase in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in natural population decline in 2021. Indicators of thepopulationnet reproduction coefficient tend to decrease. Due to the decline in the number of women of fertile age, the birth rate will decrease.

Today, the domestic tourism market of the country is actively developing, new directions are emerging not only for the development of business in the field of tourism, but also for travelers themselves. The Far East has become a new place of attraction for Russian and foreign tourists. The article considers the directions of the tourist flow and the reasons for its increase.

The work considers the history of the Birobidzhan mountain station on the Khingan mountains, established in the 1930s. The authorshave analyzed the structure of the Far Eastern Branch of the USSR Academy of Science for 1932, when it was established. The Production Plan, adapted in 1932, as well as publications in scientific journals and news magazines show us scientific results of the Birobidzhan mountain station  and planned researches.