Features of the demographic development of Russia in the post-Soviet period

The relevance of the article is determined by the ambiguity of the demographic situation that has developed in Russia in the post-Soviet period. Combination of factors influencing the demographic development is manifested in unfavorable dynamics of birth and death rates, as well as in depopulation of the population, which negatively affects life expectancy of citizens of the country. However, in some of the CIS countries, on the contrary, diametrically opposite trends are observed, and the demographic situation is considered as very positive. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes that determined the demographic development of Russia in the post-Soviet period and the present situation in the field of demography, and to determine possible tools that contribute to its stabilization in Russia and favorable development in the entire post-Soviet space. The research is based on the study of scientific works of Russian and foreign authors, official statistical and information sources. There are revealed the prerequisites for the depopulation observed in Russia and differences in its causes in different historical periods. The reasons for the decline in birth rate and the increase in mortality, their impact on life expectancy at birth are established. A comparison of a number of demographic indicators for Russia and CIS countries is made. Conclusions are made on the need for an in-depth study of the differentiation of life expectancy at birth and other demographic indicators in the territorial context: by subjects and federal districts (macroregions) of the Russian Federation, and their comparison with similar data for other CIS countries. The conclusions are based on the results obtained in the course of the study, measures taken by government bodies to reduce mortality and stimulate birth rate, and can be helpful to all interested users, including future researchers of demographic issues. The formulated generalizations and recommendations are aimed at improving the situation in the field of demography and preserving family values, accumulating demographic potential and stabilizing the situation of families in order to improve the process of population reproduction.

demographic potential, depopulation, post-Soviet period, life expectancy at birth, family and demographic policy