Work and family: gender inequalities in the distribution of money and time

The article analyzes the relationship between family and work, as well as the issues of gender inequality that exists in these main spheres of life of women and men. Gender gap indices are used as indicators of inequality in these spheres. The gender gap in the sphere of labor is measured mainly by money, in family — by time. Special attention is paid to the gender pay gap (GPG) as the most recognized marker of economic gender inequality, the magnitude and dynamics of which are largely determined by family-related factors. On the example of changes in the documents of the International Labor Organization (ILO) there are traced the stages in development of the gender equality concept and the turn made to realization that family responsibilities play an important role for workers employed in the economy. The article compares statistical data and results of Russian and international studies on inequality in the family and at work, identifies common features and regularities of the influence of family factors on the size of the GROT, as well as peculiarities of the dynamics of women’s and men’s wages in different countries. Some parallels are drawn between the studies of Claudia Goldin, Nobel laureate 2023 in economics, and the works of Russian authors. The analysis of the relationship between family and work has made it possible to make a number of recommendations for finalizing the National Project «Family» announced by the President.

work, family, gender inequality, gender pay gap (GPG), domestic work, family responsibilities