Том 24, № 2 (2017)

As a result of long-standing studies of subsonic flows past 2D surface imperfections, physical models to describe the influence of such elements on the boundary-layer transition to turbulence were formulated. The models are primarily based on stability properties of the flow around local geometrical variations of the wall. The present review discusses the mechanisms of boundary layer destabilization by the imperfections revealed by the classical analysis of low-amplitude shear layer oscillations and using recently developed approaches to the local/global modal/non-modal flow stability. While preparing this review, we preferred to trace and briefly outline the main routes of flow turbulization instead of discussing relevant details reported in original publications.

The recovery ratio of a wedge-shaped hot-film probe was determined in an experimental as well as numerical study, since this information is still unpublished and essential for using the probe in hot-film anemometry. The experiments were conducted at the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM) in Novosibirsk, Russia, and the simulations were performed with StarCCM+, a commercial 2nd order finite volume code. In the analysis, the Mach number was varied between M = 2 and M = 4, and the unit Reynolds number ranged from Re₁ = 3.8•10⁶ to Re₁ = 26.1•10⁶ m⁻¹, depending on the Mach number. During the experiment, the stagnation temperature was kept constant for each Mach number at a separate value in the range of T₀ = 289 ± 7 K. Three different stagnation temperatures were used in the simulations: T₀ = 259 K, T₀ = 289 K, and T₀ = 319 K. The difference between the experimental and the numerical results is ≤ 0.5 %, and, therefore, both are in very good accordance. The influence of the Mach number, of the unit Reynolds number, and of the stagnation temperature was analysed, and three different fitting functions for the recovery ratio were established. In general, the recovery ratio shows small variations with all three tested parameters. These dependencies are of the same order of magnitude.

This paper presents experimental and simulation results of cold spray coating deposition using the mask placed above the plane substrate at different distances. Velocities of aluminum (mean size ~ 30 μm) and copper (mean size ~ 60 μm) particles in the vicinity of the mask are determined. It was found that particle velocities have angular distribution in flow with a representative standard deviation of 1.5–2 degrees. Modeling of coating formation behind the mask with account for this distribution was developed. The results of model agree with experimental data confirming the importance of particle angular distribution for coating deposition process in the masked area.

The Pontryagin equation was applied to calculating the average time for the random process escaping the assign interval: this gives the average delay time for waiting of particle ignition moment in a turbulent flow of gas. A direct numerical simulation method was developed for gas temperature fluctuations with assigned autocorrelation function and particle temperature fluctuations due to exothermal chemical reaction. The method was based on numerical solution of a system of stochastic differential equations. Results of direct simulation were validated through comparing with the analytical solution available for particles without exothermal reaction. Analytical calculations and results of direct numerical simulation for the delay time of particle ignition are in agreement.

The phenomenon of the intensification of convective heat transfer through air cavities under the conditions of their axial rotation and external heating based on the rise of centrifugal body forces in differently heated air medium has been substantiated theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The criterion dependencies for convection coefficients of axisymmetric cylindrical and conical closed air cavities subjected to external heating and axial rotation have been obtained using the results of the physical and numerical experiments. Both single-layer cylindrical cavities and two-layer ones with perforating internal orifices have been considered.

The nonlinear problem of non-stationary heat conductivity of the layered anisotropic heat-sensitive shells was formulated taking into account the linear dependence of thermal-physical characteristics of the materials of phase compositions on the temperature. The initial-boundary-value problem is formulated in the dimensionless form, and four small parameters are identified: thermal-physical, characterizing the degree of heat sensitivity of the layer material; geometric, characterizing the relative thickness of the thin-walled structure, and two small Biot numbers on the front surfaces of shells. A sequential recursion of dimensionless equations is carried out, at first, using the thermalphysical small parameter, then, small Biot numbers and, finally, geometrical small parameter. The first type of recursion allowed us to linearize the problem of heat conductivity, and on the basis of two latter types of recursion, the outer asymptotic expansion of solution to the problem of non-stationary heat conductivity of the layered anisotropic non-uniform shells and plates under boundary conditions of the II and III kind and small Biot numbers on the facial surfaces was built, taking into account heat sensitivity of the layer materials. The resulting two-dimensional boundary problems were analyzed, and asymptotic properties of solutions to the heat conductivity problem were studied. The physical explanation was given to some aspects of asymptotic temperature decomposition.

Solidification of liquating silicate magmatic melts may lead to formation of rare earth mineral deposits. By the example of quasi-binary system SiO₂–Sc₂O₃, the processes of cooling and directional solidification of the melt in an intrusive chamber have been studied, and velocities of the phase fronts and the width of the phase separation field have been calculated. Using the fluctuation approach, the physical and mathematical model of the formation and growth of dispersed phase in the continuous cooling of liquating melt was developed, and the conditions of incorporating the dispersed inclusions by solidified matrix phase were determined. The proposed model allows obtaining quantitative estimates of the size and number of inclusions per unit of hardened rock, depending on the solidification conditions and the initial chemical composition of the melt.