New Designs for Universal Working Bodies of Tillage and Seeding Equipment

Resumo

Abstract—New designs of tillage and seeding equipment are presented. Technological and technical deficiencies of the existing working bodies for surface tillage and sowing equipment of row crops are noted. To eliminate the shortcomings, new universal working bodies of tillage and sowing units are proposed, which provide for the mechanization and automation of working processes of tillage and seeding of various row crops. Their technological and technical advantages over existing traditional working bodies are given. The technical characteristics of the new working bodies are presented, which allow simultaneously performing four operations: cultivation, para-ploughing, seeding, and leveling the field surface. Implementation of the para-plough in the form of two disks with rollers on its inner surface allows cutting a slit along the sides from the vertical axis of seed placement at a depth of almost twice the sowing depth to improve the water–air regime, with simultaneous compaction of the soil by the rollers. The final operation to level the soil across the entire width of the cultivator’s foot grasp is carried out by a smoothing harrow. The design of a modernized pneumatic sowing unit for various sowing techniques, ensuring the simultaneous sowing of seeds of several types of row crops with their placement at different planting depths in accordance with agrotechnical requirements, is also presented.