Functionalized isoxazole and isothiazole ligands: design, synthesis, palladium complexes, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in aqueous media

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Homogenous and heterogeneous palladium catalysts with functionalized izoxazole and isothiazole ligands were developed for the cross-coupling reactions. The catalysts possessed high activity and were suitable for the repeated use. Compared with commonly used organic solutions, application of water and its mixtures with methanol as a reaction medium significantly intensifies catalysis with no side being formed. The obtained results are promising for the development of effective and ecologically friendly technologies of synthesis of important compounds such as polyfunctional biaryls, arylated olefins, acetylenes and their heterocyclic analogs.