Том 43, № 1 (2016)
- Год: 2016
- Статей: 12
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1062-3590/issue/view/11315
Ecology
Experimental study of the ability of the sponge Halichondria panicea (Porifera: Demospongiae) to compete for a substrate in shallow-water fouling communities of the White Sea
Аннотация
The ability of the sponge Halichondria panicea to assimilate into the fouling communities of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the solitary ascidian Styela rustica has been studied in a field experiment, in which sponge fragments have been introduced artificially into epibenthic communities. The growth of H. panicea was suppressed greatly in the presence of young mussels; its survival rate averaged 40%. In the communities where S. rustica dominated, the survival rate of H. panicea reached 100%, but the growth rate was lower than in the control group (without competitor species). Despite the high natural growth rate and toxicity, the settlement success of H. panicea was low on the substrate occupied by another fouling species.
New approaches for reconstruction of the ecosystem of an Eocene amber forest
Аннотация
Analytical data on fauna of the beetles and flora of vascular plants from Baltic amber are given. The community of the amber forest is reconstructed on the basis of these data. It was a thermophilic, humidmixed forest similar to modern subtropical forests of Eastern and Southeastern Asia. The existing reconstructions representing this community as a mountain forest predominated by conifers are not confirmed.
Article
80th Anniversary of the journal
Biochemistry
The nonspecific metabolic reaction of cells to extreme exposures
Аннотация
This work summarizes the authors’ recent investigations into metabolic changes in blood lymphocytes, cancer cells, and hepatocytes during tumor growth from mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. These results were compared with the metabolic changes in hepatocytes from rats after hyperthermia and in lymphocytes from patients with different diseases. It was shown that the extreme conditions induced metabolic changes that were independent of the cell type or the nature of the extreme factor. These changes characterized the metabolic mechanisms of cell adaptation and disadaptation. The concept of the “nonspecific metabolic reaction” of cells to extreme exposures had been introduced.
Genetics
Genetic diversity of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum of Kamchatka and the Commander Islands based on analysis of the variability of microsatellite DNA
Аннотация
The genetic diversity of the resident and migratory forms of sockeye salmon is investigated in 14 populations from various water bodies of Kamchatka and the Commander Islands by ten loci of microsatellite DNA. There are considerable differences in the frequencies of alleles among the populations of kokanee from Lake Kronotskoe, the residual form of sockeye salmon from Lake Kopylie, and other populations analyzed. Clustering of samples corresponds to their geographic position. No differences in the frequencies of alleles of the investigated loci are found between two forms of resident sockeye salmon from Kronotskoe Lake. In the sockeye salmon from the Commander Islands, a relatively low genetic diversity is found, as well as the greatest remoteness from the other Kamchatka group.
Microbiology
Immunohistochemical detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tissues of consumptives using laser scanning microscopy
Аннотация
A simple and reliable method for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in histological specimens of lung tissue of consumptives using obtained anti-MBT polyclonal antibodies and laser scanning confocal microscopy was proposed. The method detected both colonies and single MBT and localized intraand extracellularly in caseous necrosis areas and perifocal regions. It was noted that automatic image capture of a large amount of tissue (up to 2 × 2 × 0.1 mm) and subsequent combination of optical sections in a threedimensional image provided the opportunity to carry out automated search and counting of MBT in tissues. Registration of the emission spectrum was allowed separating specific signals from nonspecific fluorescence in specimens.
Plant Physiology
The involvement of apoplastic invertase in the formation of resistance of cold-tolerant plants to hypothermia
Аннотация
Involvement of apoplastic invertase in the formation of resistance of cold-tolerant plants to hypothermia was established for Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Désirée and a transformant of the same cultivar expressing the yeast suc2 gene encoding apoplastic invertase. The dependence of the formation of increased constitutive and stress-induced cold-tolerance on the activity of apoplastic invertase and, consequently, on the level of intracellular sugars in the roots and leaves was demonstrated.
Zoology
Comparative phylogenetic informativity of single ribosomal cluster regions in freshwater horsehair worms (Gordiacea, Nematomorpha)
Аннотация
The informativity of some regions of the ribosomal cluster (rDNA) in freshwater horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) has been analyzed to trace the nucleotide differences for discrimination of species and genera of these parasites using available sequences from the NCBI GenBank and our data.
Prolonged persistence of neuroblast clusters in the optic lobes of the ground beetles Carabus nemoralis Müll. and C. hortensis L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Аннотация
Prolonged persistence of neuroblast clusters has been revealed in the adult optic lobes of Carabus nemoralis and C. hortensis. These ground beetles were shown to differ considerably from many other holometabolous insects studied, in which the optic anlagen degenerate early in the first half of the pupal stage. It is supposed that long-lasting persistence of the optic anlagen in Carabus reflects the general prolongation of neurogenesis in Coleoptera.
The variability of allozyme and microsatellite loci of the narrow-headed vole Lasiopodomys gregalis from the Southern Urals and Trans-Urals
Аннотация
The variability of 12 allozyme and 5 microsatellite loci in narrow-headed voles captured in Chelyabinsk and Kurgan oblasts was analyzed. The low genetic differentiation of the samplings was shown. The results of comparison of the genotypes of the narrow-headed vole mothers and embryos revealed multiple paternity and polygyny. It was shown that in some cases, an analysis of microsatellite loci allows researchers to differentiate the animals that belong to different colonies.
Human and Animal Physiology
The inhibitors of the 5HT-transporter fluoxetine and clomipramine attenuate serotonin-induced constriction of the aorta and the calcium signal in smooth muscle cells of the rat
Аннотация
We found that the inhibitors of the serotonin (5HT) transporter fluoxetine and clomipramine significantly inhibit 5HT-induced constriction of isolated rings of the aorta. The most prominent inhibitory effect was observed for clomipramine, which at a concentration of 2 μM, prevented aorta constriction in response to low and moderate doses of 5HT and multiply attenuated it in response to high doses (10 μM). The inhibitors of the 5HT-transporter attenuated the strength of norepinephrine-induced aorta constriction by 40–60% and eliminated long-term tonic constriction. Application of clomipramine or fluoxetine on the vessels preliminarily constricted by norepinephrine resulted in 100% relaxation, which was maintained in the presence of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME. The inhibitors of the 5HT-transporter decreased but did not prevent 5HT-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the aorta even at high concentrations. Clomipramine and fluoxetine did not affect the vasopressin-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase in SMCs and the strength of constriction of isolated aorta rings. We found that the sensitivity of the rat aorta to the vasoconstrictor effect of 5HT and the role of the 5HT-transporter in regulation of the vascular tone increased with aging.
Irregularity of the linear growth of the Margaritifera margaritifera (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae) population of the Syskyanjoki River, Karelia
Аннотация
The interdependence of shell growth in length and height during ontogeny has been studied in the pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera, inhabiting the Syskyanjoki River (basin of Lake Ladoga, Karelia). It was shown that by the height-to-length ratio of the shell the population is heterogeneous. The question of whether this is due to the heterogeneity of genetic variability or due to variations in the environmental conditions remains unclear. It was found that during the ontogeny of the M. margaritifera from the population there is a constant change in the relative growth of the shell, leading to lengthening or rounding of the shell. Conventionally, all mussels can be divided into two groups, different by the periods of change in the relative growth. A comparison of the results with the data obtained previously for pearl mussels of the Varzuga River (basin of the White Sea, Murmansk oblast) was performed.