The psychological role of dissociation and repetitive negative thinking in the development of suicidal behavior in posttraumatic stress disorder
- Authors: Sagalakova O.A.1, Truevtsev D.V.1, Zhirnova O.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
- Issue: Vol LVII, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 180-193
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1027-4898/article/view/312184
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/nb642098
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NHPPJS
- ID: 312184
Cite item
Abstract
Cognitive and metacognitive processes, along with dissociative symptoms, play a significant role in the development of suicidal behavior in the context of traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder. This article reviews theoretical models that conceptualize the transition from suicidal ideation to actions, emphasizing the mechanisms and mediating variables underlying this progression. The discussed models include the interpersonal theory of suicide, the three-step theory, the integrated motivational–volitional model, the perfectionism-based model of suicide risk, the fluid vulnerability theory, the integrated pain-brain evolutionary model, the dual-system model of suicidality, the stage-based theory of antivital behavior, and a dynamic model of antivital and suicidal behavior taking into account the roles of negative social emotions and resilience factors, strength model of self-regulation, the mindsponge-based model of suicide risk simulation, the network analysis model, the cry of pain model, the narrative model of suicidal crisis, the dual-process conceptualization of suicidality, the theory of repetitive negative thinking, suicidal rumination, and others. The cognitive model of trauma memory processing and encoding, along with the model of trauma-induced dissociation and the emergence of hallucinations, helps explain the increasing intrusiveness and uncontrollability of trauma-related experiences. These phenomena are marked by alienation from one’s own physical and psychological suffering and emotional detachment from others. Such mechanisms provide insight into the transition from suicidal ideation to actions as a nonlinear and dynamic process in the development of suicidal behavior.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Olga A. Sagalakova
Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Email: olgasagalakova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9975-1952
SPIN-code: 4455-7179
Cand. Sci. (Psichol.), Assistant Professor, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Pathopsychology
Russian Federation, MoscowDmitry V. Truevtsev
Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Email: truevtsev@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4246-2759
SPIN-code: 2983-0984
Cand. Sci. (Psichol.), Assistant Professor, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Pathopsychology
Russian Federation, MoscowOlga V. Zhirnova
Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Author for correspondence.
Email: olga.zhirnova.2015@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6680-8286
SPIN-code: 6870-8526
Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Pathopsychology
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- Sagalakova OA, Truevtsev DV. Anti-vitality and resilience questionnaire. Meditsinskaya Psikhologiya v Rossii. 2017;9;(2):4. [cited 2024 Sept 12]. Available from: http://mprj.ru (In Russ.)
- Sagalakova OA, Truevtsev DV, Sagalakov AM. Impaired cognitive regulation of social anxiety in individual behavior. Tomsk: Publ. of Tomsk State University; 2016. 107 p. (In Russ.)
- Sagalakova OA, Truevtsev DV, Stoyanova IYa, Sagalakov AM. Systematic approach to the study of life-threatening and suicidal behavior. Meditsinskaya Psikhologiya v Rossii. 2015;(6). [cited 2024 Sept 12]. Available from: http://mprj.ru (In Russ.)
- Bloch-Elkouby S, Rogers ML, Goncearenco I, et al. The narrative crisis model of suicide: A review of empirical evidence for an innovative dynamic model of suicide and a comparison with other theoretical frameworks. Pers Med Psychiatry. 2024;45–46(8):100131. doi: 10.1016/j.pmip.2024.100131
- Jannini TB, Longo L, Rossi R, et al. Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) and suicide risk: A multigroup mediation analysis exploring the role of post-traumatic symptomatology on hopelessness. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;165:165–169. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.032
- Kholmogorova AB. Suicidal behavior: theoretical model and practical implications in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2016;24(3):144–163. doi: 10.17759/cpp.20162403009 EDN: WMJCOP
- Caudle MM, Dugas NN, Patel K, et al. Repetitive negative thinking as a unique transdiagnostic risk factor for suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res. 2024;334:115787. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115787
- Halligan SL, Clark DM, Ehlers A. Cognitive processing, memory, and the development of PTSD symptoms: two experimental analogue studies. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2002;33(2):73–89. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7916(02)00014-9
- Whiteman SE, Lee DJ, Kramer LB, et al. Subgroup differences in PTSD symptom presentations: a latent class analysis. Eur J Trauma Dissoc. 2024;8(3):100430. doi: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2024.100430
- Hyland P, Shevlin M, Fyvie C, et al. The relationship between ICD-11 PTSD, complex PTSD and dissociative experiences. J Trauma Dissociation. 2020;21(1):62–72. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2019.1675113
- Fung HW, Lam SKK, Wong JY-H. DSM-5 BPD and ICD-11 complex PTSD: Co-occurrence and associated factors among treatment seekers in Hong Kong. Asian J Psychiatr. 2024;101:104195. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104195
- Schiavone FL, Frewen P, McKinnon M, Lanius RA. The dissociative subtype of PTSD: an update of the literature. PTSD Research Quarterly. 2018;29(3):1–13.
- Herzog S, Keilp JG, Galfalvy H, et al. Attentional control deficits and suicidal ideation variability: an ecological momentary assessment study in major depression. J Affect Disord. 2023;323:819–825. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.053
- Orsolini L, Corona D, Cervelli AL, et al. The role of Theory of Mind in the transition towards suicidal attempts in youth NSSI: An exploratory pilot study. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1403038. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1403038
- Shelef L, Korem N, Zalsman G. Dissociation and habituation as facilitating processes among suicide behaviours. In: U. Kumar (editor). Handbook of suicidal behavior. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd; 2017. P. 221–237. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4816-6_12
- Levinger S, Somer E, Holden RR. The importance of mental pain and physical dissociation in youth suicidality. J Trauma Dissociation. 2015;16(3):322–339. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2014.989644
- Fakhry H. Dissociative phenomena in attempted suicide. Egypt J Psychiatry. 2015;36(1):45. doi: 10.4103/1110-1105.153779
- Ehlers A, Clark DM. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(4):319–345. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00123-0
- Sagalakova OA, Truevtsev DV, Zhirnova OV. Psychotic experiences questionnaire. Part 1. Neurology Bulletin. 2024;56(1):23–36. doi: 10.17816/nb623959 EDN: AXCUPS
- McCarthy-Jones S, Longden E. Auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder: common phenomenology, common cause, common interventions? Front Psychol. 2015;6:1071. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01071
- Mendelevich VD. “New hysteria”: dissociative disorders in psychoneurological practice. Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapy. 2024;26(4):35–38. doi: 10.62202/2075-1761-2024-26-4-35-38 EDN: HUXAJI
- Ambrumova AG. Analysis of the states of the psychological crisis and their dynamics. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal. 1985;6(6):107–115. (In Russ.)
- Joiner T. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2005. 288 p.
- Klonsky ED, May AM. The three-step theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the «ideation-to-action» framework. Int J Cogn Ther. 2015;8(2):114–129. doi: 10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114
- O'Connor RC. The integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior. Crisis. 2011;32(6):295–298. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000120
- Rudd MD. Fluid vulnerability theory: a cognitive approach to understanding the process of acute and chronic suicide risk. In: T.E. Ellis (editor). Cognition and suicide: theory, research, and therapy. American Psychological Association; 2006. P. 355–368. doi: 10.1037/11377-016
- Soper CA. Suicide as a by-product of “Pain and Brain”. In: The evolution of suicide (evolutionary psychology). Springer, Cham; 2018. P. 71–123. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77300-1_3
- Bryan CJ, Butner JE, Tabares JV, et al. A dynamical systems analysis of change in PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation among military personnel during treatment for PTSD. J Affect Disord. 2024;350:125–132. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.107
- Brüdern J, Glaesmer H, Berger T, Spangenberg L. Understanding suicidal pathways through the lens of a dual-system model of suicidality in real-time: the potential of ecological momentary assessments. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:899500. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.899500
- Muraven M, Baumeister RF. Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychol Bull. 2000;126(2):247–259. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.247
- Nguyen M-H, La V-P, Le T-T, Vuong Q-H. Introduction to bayesian mindsponge framework analytics: an innovative method for social and psychological research. MethodsX. 2022;9:101808. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101808
- De Beurs D, Fried EI, Wetherall K, et al. Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: a theory driven network analysis. Behav Res Ther. 2019;120:103419. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103419
- Xu Y, Shang L, Xu J, et al. Suicide risk assessment model based on fuzzy mathematics. In: X Yang, CD Wang, MS Islam, Z Zhang (editors). Advanced data mining and applications. ADMA 2020. Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Cham; 2020;12447:595–609. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-65390-3_45
- Coppersmith DDL, Kleiman EM, Millner AJ, et al. Heterogeneity in suicide risk: evidence from personalized dynamic models. Behav Res Ther. 2024;180:104574. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104574
- Williams JMG, Pollock LR. Psychological aspects of the suicidal process. In: K. van Heeringen (editor). Understanding suicidal behaviour: The suicidal process approach to research, treatment and prevention. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2001. P. 76–94.
- Klein DC. The humiliation dynamic: an overview. J Prim Prev. 1991;12(2):93–121. doi: 10.1007/BF02015214
- Baumeister RF, Leary MR. The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychol Bull. 1995;117(3):497–529. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
- Hou X, Yang Y, Su Z, et al. Pre-suicidal attempt: an intermediate type within ideation-to-action framework. J Psychiatr Res. 2024;178:139–146. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.011
- Ammerman BA, Law KC. Using intensive time sampling methods to capture daily suicidal ideation: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2021;299:108–117. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.121
- Joiner TE, Hom MA, Rogers ML, et al. Staring down death. Is abnormally slow blink rate a clinically useful indicator of acute suicide risk? Crisis. 2016;37(3):212–217. doi: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000367
- Olson MA, McNulty JK, March DS, et al. Automatic and controlled antecedents of suicidal ideation and action: a dual-process conceptualization of suicidality. Psychol Rev. 2022;129(2):388–414. doi: 10.1037/rev0000286
- Rogers ML, Law KC, Houtsma C, et al. Development and initial validation of a scale assessing suicide-specific rumination: the suicide rumination scale. Assessment. 2022;29(8):1777–1794. doi: 10.1177/10731911211033897
- Wells A, Sembi S. Metacognitive therapy for PTSD: a preliminary investigation of a new brief treatment. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2004;35(4):307–318. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.07.001
- Teismann T, Forkmann T, Michalak J, Brailovskaia J. Repetitive negative thinking about suicide: associations with lifetime suicide attempts. Clin Psychol Europe. 2021;3(3):e5579. doi: 10.32872/cpe.5579
- Höller I, Teismann T, Forkmann T. Perseverative thinking about suicide questionnaire (PTSQ): validation of a new measure to assess suicide-specific rumination. Compr Psychiatry. 2022;112:152287. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152287
- Johnson SL, Robison M, Anvar S, et al. Emotion-related impulsivity and rumination: unique and conjoint effects on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury across two samples. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2022;52(4):642–654. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12849
Supplementary files
