L. G. Gutman. Manic-depressive psychosis and the nature of associations with it. — Review of Psychiatry, Neurology and Experimental Psychology. 1910. No. 1

In the historical-critical essay that makes up the first half of the article, the author lists the stages that Kraepelin's teaching on manic-depressive psychosis has consistently passed in its development and immediately analyzes the objections to it. In the concept of manic-depressive psychosis, Dr. Gutman combines mania, melancholia, their periodic forms and circular psychosis, following the Kraepelin school in this, but disagrees with her on the issue of the speed of the flow of ideas in a manic state. The Kraepelin school, on the basis of Aschaffenburg's experimental studies, argues that associations here are slowed down and only motor excitation simulates a rapid change and a variety of ideas. To test this new teaching in psychiatry, the author set up a series of psychological experiments using the same method of Aschaffenburg, but did not limit himself to the first answer regarding the word of the stimulus, but allowed the patient to freely associate further for one minute.