成人脑颅在正常与畸形情况下的颅相学与颅测学特征
- 作者: Gaivoronsky I.V.1, Solovyev K.V.1, Kirillova M.P.1
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隶属关系:
- Kirov Military Medical Academy
- 期: 卷 163, 编号 4 (2025)
- 页面: 339-352
- 栏目: Original Study Articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1026-3543/article/view/349038
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.677566
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CRLJXQ
- ID: 349038
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详细
论证。当代颅相学研究应基于综合性方法,并应包括区分正常与病理的算法。明确畸形颅骨的颅测参数与正常值的差异程度具有重要意义。
目的。本研究旨在基于S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy正常解剖学教研室基础博物馆的Dolgo-Saburov收藏标本,研究成人脑颅在正常与畸形情况下的颅面形态观察与颅骨测量学特征,确定颅骨畸形的发生频率,并提出现代颅面学研究的设计标准。
方法。共研究了842例颅骨。评估颅缝状态,识别颅缝早闭及伴随的脑颅异常形态,确定脑颅的不对称性及其与颅缝早闭的关系。颅测参数包括 颅长径(Martin 1)、颅宽径(Martin 8)和颅高径(Martin 17)。另外,计算了颅腔体积,以及横-长指数(cranial index, CI)、高-长指数(height–length index, HLI)和高-宽指数(height–breadth index, HBI)。
结果。678例颅骨为正常类型,无畸形、不对称或发育异常。按CI分布,以短颅型(55.8%)和中颅型(39.2%)为主;按HLI分布,以高颅型(46.5%)和中颅型(44.1%)为主;按HBI分布,以扁颅型(44.4%)和中颅型(47.9%)为主。其余164例存在畸形,分为三组:单个或多个颅缝早闭(2.6%);无颅缝早闭的不对称颅骨(16.1%);兼有颅缝早闭和不对称(1.2%)。在第一组中,分为两类:矢状缝早闭颅(舟状颅,scaphocephaly)和矢状缝合并冠状缝早闭颅(短高颅,oxycephaly)。舟状颅(1.1%)是病理性地过度延长、狭窄的颅骨,常伴有颅盖的鞍状畸形。短高颅则为短颅并具有较高的HLI。对于这一类颅骨,我们建议称之为“病理性高短颅”。在斜颅(颅骨不对称,plagiocephaly)中,枕部、顶骨和额骨发生对向移位,其中以左侧不对称最常见(58.5%)。
结论。正常颅骨的CI分布印证了颅形进化过程中的短颅化趋势。长颅型、低颅型和高颅型为最少见类型(不足10%)。颅缝早闭并不总是导致显著畸形。文中描述了畸形颅骨的特征,并指出在某些情况下传统指数的应用并不适宜。建议颅测学测量应在颅相学检查之后进行,以排除颅缝早闭及不对称。
作者简介
Ivan V. Gaivoronsky
Kirov Military Medical Academy
Email: i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7232-6419
SPIN 代码: 1898-3355
Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint PetersburgKirill V. Solovyev
Kirov Military Medical Academy
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: kirill_solovik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5527-0495
SPIN 代码: 6519-7262
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg
Maria P. Kirillova
Kirov Military Medical Academy
Email: manatomy@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3922-8673
SPIN 代码: 2869-5688
Cand. Sci. (Biology)
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