Effect of Wolbachia on morphology and several aspects of host immunity of Habrobracon hebetor (Say)

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Abstract

Two lines of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor were analysed: one infected with the Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacterium and the other free of it. Differences in morphological characters were observed between the lines, specifically in the degree of cuticle melanisation and body size of adult parasitoids. The sizes of both male and female parasitoids were significantly larger in the line infected with the bacterium. The research found that Wolbachia affects the levels of dopamine, tyrosine, and phenoloxidase activity, as well as the amount of proline in the whole body homogenate during different stages of parasitoid development.

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E. A. Chertkova

Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: chertkaterina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091

A. A. Alekseev

Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS; Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS

Email: chertkaterina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091; 3 Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090

A. P. Lobanova

Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS

Email: chertkaterina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091

K. A. Zolotareva

Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS

Email: chertkaterina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091

N. A. Kryukova

Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS

Email: chertkaterina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 11 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091

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2. Fig. 1. Morphological characters of Habrobracon hebetor imago: content of light pigment in the cuticle of Habrobracon hebetor imago of two lines, Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ (a), sizes of male and female imago of Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ lines (b). The results are presented as median, quartile deviations of 25–75%, as well as minimum and maximum values. Statistical analysis was performed between males and females of Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ lines (T-test, N = 50, p ≤ 0.05); body sizes of parasitoid imago (T-test, N = 50, p ≤ 0.05). Different letters indicate significant differences between same-sex imago of different lines.

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3. Fig. 2. Changes in phenoloxidase activity in whole-body homogenates of different developmental stages of Habrobracon hebetor of the Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ lines. Results are presented as median, quartile deviations of 25–75%, and minimum and maximum values. Statistical analysis was performed between individuals of the same developmental stage of different lines: Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ (Welch's t-test, N = 25, p ≤ 0.005). Different letters indicate significant differences between individuals of the same developmental stage of different lines.

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4. Fig. 3. HPLC-FD chromatograms: a – a mixture of biogenic amine standards (1 μg/ml each); b – a sample of Habrobracon hebetor adults (males, w- line); c – a sample of Habrobracon hebetor adults (males, w+ line). Designations: DOPA – L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, TYR – L-tyrosine, OA – p-octopamine, IS – internal standard 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine, DA – dopamine, TA – p-tyramine, 5-HT – serotonin, TRP – L-tryptophan. Excitation wavelength – 279 nm, emission – 315 nm.

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5. Fig. 4. Dopamine (a) and tyrosine (b) content in whole-body homogenates of Habrobracon hebetor at different developmental stages of two strains: infected with Wolbachia (Wolbachia+) and uninfected (Wolbachia-). Results are presented as median, quartile deviations of 25–75%, and minimum and maximum values. Statistical analysis was performed between individuals of the same developmental stage of different strains: Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ (T-test, N = 10, p ≤ 0.05). Different letters indicate significant differences between individuals of the same developmental stage of different strains.

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6. Fig. 5. Total protein content in the whole body homogenate of Habrobracon hebetor at different developmental stages of two lineages Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+. Results are presented as median, quartile deviations of 25–75%, and minimum and maximum values. Statistical analysis was performed between individuals of the same developmental stage of different lineages: Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ (T-test, N = 25, p ≤ 0.05). Different letters indicate significant differences between individuals of the same developmental stage of different lineages.

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7. Fig. 6. Proline content in the whole body homogenate of Habrobracon hebetor of two strains. Results are presented as median, quartile deviations of 25–75%, and minimum and maximum values. Statistical analysis was performed between individuals of the same stage of different strains: Wolbachia- and Wolbachia+ (T-test, N = 30, p ≤0.05). Different letters indicate significant differences between individuals of the same stage of development of different strains.

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