On the Legal Regulation of the Specialties Radiology and Radiotherapy in the Russian Federation

Purpose: To study the specifics of legal and regulatory framework governing the specialties of Radiology (nuclear medicine) and Radiotherapy in the Russian Federation with regard to defining their nomenclature and further regulation.

Material and methods: Radiology, commonly referred to as nuclear medicine, originated in the late 19th century after the discovery of radioactivity. It is now extensively utilized in both diagnostic procedures and therapeutic treatments. However, there is significant confusion surrounding the definition of fundamental terms and concepts related to this branch of medicine, necessitating additional clarifications. The authors analyzed literary sources and legislative bases dedicated to issues of terminological and normative uncertainty in the field of nuclear medicine (radiology) in Russia. Discussed are differences in definitions of key terms such as “nuclear medicine,” “radiopharmaceutical preparation,” “radionuclide therapy,” and “radionuclide diagnostics.” Additionally, the problem of a lack of clear standards and rules in the field of nuclear medicine is raised, leading to difficulties in regulating and financing medical services.

Results: Proposed measures for improving the situation include developing unified terminology and standards, introducing the position of chief external radiotherapist, creating professional standards for radiologists and radiotherapists, and involving professional communities in addressing this issue.

Conclusion: The conducted research underscores the importance of resolving existing problems in legal and regulatory frameworks and terminological discrepancies in the fields of radiology and nuclear medicine in Russia. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of unifying terminology and definitions, establishing clear professional standards for specialists, and developing guidelines for conducting radionuclide studies. These measures should contribute to enhancing the quality of medical care, increasing the efficiency of professionals’ work, and ensuring proper funding of medical services through the compulsory health insurance system. The article proposes solving the identified problem by developing and approving terminology in the specialties of Radiology and Radiotherapy and making amendments to regulatory documentation.