Vol 89, No 1 (2019)

The activization of sanctions policy by leading global powers and their alliances has recently revealed the insufficiency of doctrinal studies on international legal regulation when implementing international coercive measures. Prevalent approaches to the correlation of the categories of sanction and law have been determined in terms of domestic and international law based on historical and comparative analysis of the positions of domestic and foreign legal doctrines. Despite fundamental differences in the national and international legal systems, it has been established that in both cases sanctions act as a coercive measure to comply with legal norms both in terms of implementing international responsibility and in relations not involving responsibility. Specific examples are given of unilateral coercive measures (sanctions) by regional international organizations that disagreed with the imperatives of general international law. The conclusion is made that international legal regulation of coercive measures is unsatisfactory, and the main causes of this situation are revealed. The analysis undertaken made it possible to formulate a proposal to elaborate a doctrinal model of eligibility criteria for international coercive measures.

In recent decades, along with the conventional mainstream economic theory, numerous alternative approaches to solving key economic problems have emerged, which the author considers evidence of a crisis. Some of the main disadvantages of neoclassical economic theory, according to the author, are the institutional statics, as well as the methodological heterogeneity of its two component branches—micro- and macroeconomics. Overcoming the crisis in economics is associated with constructing a general economic theory based on the principles of “pure science” with a clear recognition of the functions performed by various socio-economic disciplines. While “pure economic theory” is intended to form a kind of intellectual layout of the economic system, the “realistic sciences,” which, according to the author, also include modern macroeconomics, and are instruments for analyzing specific socio-economic phenomena and processes. Taking into account that economic agents in the society are people with consciousness and interests, the author postulates the existence of an area of uncertainty, which cannot be fully comprehended.

Today, Russian science has every chance of reaching a completely new level, which would be impossible without proactive effort in the international dimension. In this regard, it makes sense to recall the experience of successful scientific cooperation between institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and organizations in Western countries at the turn of the century, in the most difficult years of the systemic crisis in Russia. This experience may prove useful in the present conditions.

In considering Soviet experience and the situation in contemporary Russia, the author substantiates the thesis that any state has the education system that it needs. The structure and content of the federal educational standard in specialty 081100 “State and Municipal Management” are analyzed in detail, making it possible to conclude that education based on this standard can yield no real knowledge, expertise, or skills in the sphere of management. The author argues that the same scheme underlies practically the entire nomenclature of humanities-associated trends, this system of pseudoeducation being in demand in our country because it fully corresponds to the state of contemporary Russian society. This system was formed within the model of minimal state regulation of all spheres of social life, which was established after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The implementation of this model has led to the loss of goal-setting and strategic functions of the domestic system of management at all levels. The author calls for a revival of these functions, which will lead to positive transformations in the system of vocational education as well.

This article presents the theory and practical application of a promising technique called sensorimotor psychosynthesis, which permits the induction of an altered state of consciousness in a patient. A state termed the “entangled state” in quantum physics and an empathy state in psychology emerges as the therapist (suggester) and the patient interact. The active dialogue between the suggester and the patient is the major distinctive feature of the sensorimotor psychosynthesis method and the major difference between this method and directive hypnosis. The authors describe a dynamic transformation of the worldviews (or mentality) in a number of patients during psychotherapy. This transformation occurred due to the construction of semantic spaces, a major psychosemantic approach to personality analysis, which involves the construction of a unique reality by the patient in an altered state of consciousness and the patient’s existence in this reality, which conforms to the patient’s desires and motives. Applications of the method in psychotherapy, sports, and criminal investigations are discussed.

Warming of the Earth’s climate requires that human economic activity adapt to the concomitant changes, especially in permafrost areas. The authors suggest adaptation as an effective mechanism for environmental management, which allows both nature conservation and increased resilience and stability of the created infrastructure to climate change. The adaptation model for the economic development of Subarctic territories involves a number of sequential procedures based on in-depth knowledge of the laws governing development of the cryosphere, forecasting of temperature changes, and the state of permafrost areas. The article provides examples of adaptation technologies used in solving economic problems in Russia’s Subarctic zone.

In connection with the 40th anniversary of the Chinese reforms, the authors analyzed the milestones reached by China. Particular attention was paid to recent events—the 19th CPC Congress and the 1st session of the NPC of the 13th convocation. According to the authors, reforms and modernization in China are close to completion. It was stated at the CPC congress that the country has entered a fundamentally new phase of development, it is forming an original social structure, and Chinese specificity is acquiring the features of integrity as an independent, social development project alternative to the West.

The formation of the chemical EPR spectroscopy scientific school established by Academician V.V. Voevodskii (1917–1967) is described, as well as the history of the development of the instrumentation basis for this new field of science in the USSR. Designing the first EPR spectrometers for the chemical radio spectroscopy initiated the appearance of the new science instrumentation area in our country. Basing on the recollections of the scientists and engineers and using the archive materials the author restored the succession of the relevant events and the names of their participants.