Low-energy fracture of the proximal femur in older age groups as a factor of excess mortality: literature review

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Taking into account the increasing number of patients with osteoporosis and, accordingly, related fractures, mortality, as a possible outcome of a fracture, is an extremely urgent problem for both the patient and healthcare system. The mortality rate after a proximal femoral fracture, especially in the first 6 months, includes deaths directly, or indirectly associated with the fracture and deaths due to concomitant diseases. The influence of these two components of mortality remains a subject of discussion. This review aimed to analyze the influence of factors directly or indirectly associated with a fracture of the proximal femur and mortality.

About the authors

Svetlana S. Rodionova

Priorov National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics

Author for correspondence.
Email: rod06@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2726-8758
SPIN-code: 3529-8052

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Traumatologist-Orthopedist

Russian Federation, Moscow

Khabiballakh Zaid A. Asi

Tver State Medical University

Email: habeb.asi395@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9194-743X

Graduate Student, Traumatologist-Orthopedist

Russian Federation, Tver

Alla V. Krivova

Tver State Medical University

Email: krivova267@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9722-1285
SPIN-code: 9755-0627

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Traumatologist-Orthopedist

Russian Federation, Tver

Mikhail A. Samarin

Tver State Medical University

Email: botanzek49@gmail.com

Graduate Student, Traumatologist-Orthopedist

Russian Federation, Tver

Irina A. Solomyannik

Priorov National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics

Email: solomyannikia@cito-priorov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5463-9158

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Traumatologist-Orthopedist

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Tajeu GS, Delzell E, Smith W, et al. Death, debility and destitution following hip fracture. The Journals of Gerontology Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med. 2014;69(3):346–353. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt105
  2. Haentjens P, Magaziner J, Colón-Emeric CS, et al. Meta-analysis: excess mortality after hip fracture among older women and men. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(6):380–390. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00008
  3. Barahona M, Barrientos C, Cavada G, et al. Survival analysis after hip fracture: higher mortality than the generalpopulation and delayed surgery increases the risk at any time. Hip Int. 2020;30(1_suppl):54–58. doi: 10.1177/1120700020938029
  4. Katsoulis M, Benetou V, Karapetyan T, et al. Excess mortality after hip fracture in elderly persons from Europe andthe USA: the CHANCES project. J Intern Med. 2017;281(3):300–310. doi: 10.1111/joim.12586
  5. Dyer SM, Crotty M, Fairhall N, et al. A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):158. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0332-0
  6. Sanz-Reig J, Salvador Marín J, Pérez JM, et al. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality following hip fracture. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2017;61(4):209–215. doi: 10.1016/j.recot.2017.03.003
  7. Brauer CA, Coca-Perraillon M, Cutler DM, Rosen AB. Incidence and mortality of hip fractures in the United States. JAMA. 2009;302(14):1573–1579. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1462
  8. Abrahamsen B, van Staa T, Ariely R, et al. Excess mortality following hip fracture: a systematic epidemiological review. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(10):1633–1650. doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-0920-3
  9. Forsen L, Sogaard AJ, Meyer HE, et al. Survival after hip fracture: short- and long-term excess mortality according to age and gender. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(1):73–78. doi: 10.1007/s001980050197
  10. Parker MJ, Anand JK. What is the time mortality of hip fractures? Public Health. 1991;105(6):443–446. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(05)80614-6
  11. Todd C, Freeman C, Camilleri-Ferrante C, et al. Differences in mortality after fracture of the hip. BMJ. 1995;310(6984):904–908. doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6984.904
  12. Meyer HE, Tvevdal A, Falch JA, Pedersen J. Factors associated with mortality after hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(3):228–232. doi: 10.1007/s001980050285
  13. Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. The components of excess mortality after hip fracture. Bone. 2003;32(5):468–473. doi: 10.1016/S8756-3282(03)00061-9
  14. Friedman SM, Mendelson DA, Bingham KW, Kates SL. Impact of a comanaged Geriatric Fracture Center on short-term hip fracture outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(18):1712–1717. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.321
  15. Ferré F, Minville V. Preoperative management to reduce morbidity and mortality of hip fracture. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2011;30(10):e45–e48. (In French). doi: 10.1016/j.annfar.2011.08.008
  16. Simunovic N, Devereaux PJ, Sprague S, et al. Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2010;182(15):1609–1616. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.092220
  17. Baroni M, Serra R, Boccardi V, et al. The orthogeriatric comanagement improves clinical outcomes of hip fracture in older adults. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(4):907–916. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-04858-2
  18. Brozek W, Reichardt B, Zwerina J, et al. Antiresorptive therapy and risk of mortality and refracture in osteoporosis-related hipfracture: a nationwide study. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(1):387–396. doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3415-4
  19. Gonzalez-Quevedo D, Perez-del-Rio V, Moriel-Garceso D, et al. A 2-year follow-up of a novel Fracture Liaison Service: can we reducethe mortality in elderly hip fracture patients? A prospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int. 2022;33(8):1695–1702. doi: 10.1007/s00198-022-06298-x
  20. Mundi S, Pindiprolu B, Simunovic N, Bhandari M. Similar mortality rates in hip fracture patients over the past 31 years. Acta Orthop. 2014;85(1):54–59. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2013.878831
  21. Burge R, Dawson-Hughes B, Solomon DH, et al. Incidence and Economic Burden of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures in the United States, 2005–2025. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(3):465–475. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.061113
  22. Materialy gosudarstvennoi statisticheskoi otchetnosti Ministerstva zdravookhraneniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Moscow; 2021. Available from: https://niioz.ru/statistika-i-analitika/formy-federalnogo-statisticheskogo-nablyudeniya/. Accessed: 15.01.2023. (In Russ).
  23. Kannegaard PN, van der Mark S, Eiken P, Abrahamsen B. Excess mortality in men compared with women following a hip fracture. National analysis of comedications, comorbidity and survival. Аge Ageing. 2010;39(2):203–209. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afp221
  24. Smith T, Pelpola K, Ball M, et al. Pre-operative indicators for mortality following hip fracture surgery: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2014;43(4):464–471. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu065
  25. Grigoryan KV, Javedan H, Rudolph JL. Orthogeriatric care models and outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2014;28(3):e49–e55. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3182a5a045
  26. Butler M, Forte ML, Joglekar SB, et al. Evidence summary: Systematic review of surgical treatments for geriatric hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(12):1104–1115. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.J.00296
  27. Cruz M. Why do we close our eyes while the world is falling? A study on proximal femur osteoporotic fractures in a Portuguese population. Acta Reumatol Port. 2009;34(2B):370–377.
  28. van der Sijp MPL, van Eijk M, Tong WH, et al. Achterberg Independent factors associated with long-term functional outcomes in patients with a proximal femoral fracture: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol. 2020;139(1):111035. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111035
  29. Röder F, Schwab M, Aleker T, et al. Proximal femur fracture in older patients — rehabilitation and clinical outcome. Age Ageing. 2003;32(1):74–80. doi: 10.1093/ageing/32.1.74
  30. Saltzherr TP, Borghans HJ, Bakker RH, Go PM. Proximal femur fractures in the elderly in The Netherlands during the period 1991–2004: incidence, mortality, length of hospital stay and an estimate of the care capacity needed in the future. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2006;150(47):2599–2604. Erratum in: Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007;151(2):160. (In Dutch).
  31. Kalchenko АV, Babalyan VА, Khvysyuk АN, et al. Analysis of surgical treatment in elderly and senile patients with proximal femur fractures by extracortical plate osteosynthesis. Trauma. 2017;18(3):80–85. (In Russ). doi: 10.22141/1608-1706.3.18.2017.10536532
  32. Ciatti C, Maniscalco P, Quattrini F, et al. The epidemiology of proximal femur fractures during COVID-19 emergency in Italy: a multicentric study. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(5):e2021398. doi: 10.23750/abm.v92i5.11925
  33. Lewis SR, Macey R, Parker MJ, et al. Arthroplasties for hip fracture in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;2(2):CD013410. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013410.pub2
  34. Roberts KC, Brox WT, Jevsevar DS, Sevarino K. Management of hip fractures in the elderly. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(2):131–137. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00432
  35. Sieber CC. The elderly patient — who is that? Internist (Berl). 2007;48(11):1190,1192–1194. doi: 10.1007/s00108-007-1945-3 (In German).
  36. Klestil T, Röder C, Stotter C, et al. Impact of timing of surgery in elderly hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):13933. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32098-7
  37. Membership of the Working Party; Griffiths R, Alper J, et al. Management of proximal femoral fractures. 2011: Associational Anesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(1):85–98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06957.x
  38. Shiga T, Wajima Z, Ohe Y. Is operative delay associated with increased mortality of hip fracture patients? Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Can J Anaesth. 2008;55(3):146–154. doi: 10.1007/BF03016088
  39. Raaymakers EL. The non-operative treatment of impacted femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2002;33(Suppl 3):C8–C14. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00325-x
  40. Han SK, Song HS, Kim R, Kang SH. Clinical results of treatment of garden type 1 and 2 femoral neck fractures in patients over 70-year old. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2016;42(2):191–196. doi: 10.1007/s00068-015-0528-6
  41. Zhang C, Feng J, Wang S, et al. Incidence of and trends in hip fracture among adults in urban China: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2020;17(8):e1003180. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003180
  42. Cooper C, Cole ZA, Holroyd CR, et al. Secular trends in the incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(5):1277–1288. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1601-6
  43. Lari A, Haidar A, AlRumaidhi Y, et al. Predictors of mortality and length of stay after hip fractures — A multicenter retrospective analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2022;28:101853. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2022.101853
  44. Vorontsova TN, Bogopol’skaya AS, Cherny AZ, Shevchenko SB. Cohort structure of patients with proximal femur fractures and estimation of average annual demand for emergency surgical treatment. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2016;22(1):7–20. (In Russ). doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2016-0-1-7-20
  45. Gladkova EN, Khodyrev VN, Lesnyak OM. Analiz sostoyaniya okazaniya meditsinskoi pomoshchi i iskhodov u bol’nykh s perelomami proksimal’nogo otdela bedrennoi kosti (dannye populyatsionnogo issledovaniya). Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2011;14(3):7–10. (In Russ). doi: 10.14341/osteo201137-10
  46. Lazarev AF. Review to monograph «Hip Joint Arthroplasty. Bases and Practice» by N.V. Zagorodniy. N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2012;19(2):91–92. (In Russ). doi: 10.17816/vto20120291-92
  47. Ershova OB, Belova KYu, Degtyarev AA, et al. Analysis of mortality in patients with a fracture of the proximal femur. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2015;18(3):3–8. (In Russ). doi: 10.14341/osteo201533-8
  48. Raskina TA, Averkieva YuV. Mortality in fractures of proximal femur with the persons of the senior age group Kemerovo town. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2011;10(3):31–35. (In Russ).
  49. Men’shikova LV, Khramtsova NA, Ershova OB, et al. Blizhaishie i otdalennye iskhody perelomov proksimal’nogo otdela bedra u lits pozhilogo vozrasta i ikh mediko-sotsial’nye posledstviya (po dannym mnogotsentrovogo issledovaniya). Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2002;1:8–11 (In Russ).
  50. Ershova OB, Belova KYu, Belov MV, et al. Epidemiologiya perelomov proksimal’nogo otdela bedrennoi kosti u gorodskogo naseleniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii: rezul’taty mnogotsentrovogo issledovaniya. Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference «Osteoporoz — vazhneishaya mul’tidistsiplinarnaya problema zdravookhraneniya XXI veka»; 2012 Sep 23–25; St. Petersburg, Russia. St. Petersburg; 2012. P. 23–27. (In Russ).

Copyright (c) 2023 Rodionova S.S., Asi K.A., Krivova A.V., Samarin M.A., Solomyannik I.A.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies