Peculiarities of behavior in “soil–water” environment of radiocesium in contaminated area after the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP
- Autores: Konoplev A.1
-
Afiliações:
- Fukushima University
- Edição: Volume 64, Nº 1 (2024)
- Páginas: 56-74
- Seção: Radionuclide
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0869-8031/article/view/265020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869803124010065
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NNOFMB
- ID: 265020
Citar
Resumo
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 led to extensive environmental contamination by several radionuclides, particularly 134Cs (half-life Т1/2=2.06 years) and 137Cs (Т1/2=30.17 years). This has rekindled the interest in the behavior of radiocesium in the environment, particularly given the geoclimatic conditions of Japan. This review paper summarizes key findings of post-Fukushima studies of radiocesium fate and transport in soil-water environment and challenges for the future. The studies after the Fukushima accident have clearly demonstrated that behaviour of accidentally released radiocesium in the environment is governed by speciation in fallout and site-specific environmental characteristics. The Fukushima-derived 137Cs is found to be strongly bound to soil and sediment particles, which reduces the potential bioavailability of this radionuclide. Up to 80% of the deposited 137Cs on the soil of the contaminated area were reported to be incorporated in hot glassy microparticles (CsMPs) insoluble in water. These particles decompose in the environment very slowly, and long-term radiocesium leaching from these particles is a challenge for future studies. In Fukushima contaminated areas the high annual precipitation and steep slopes are conducive to significant erosion and intensive r-Cs wash-off especially during devastating typhoons. Typhoons Etou in 2015 and Hagibis in 2019 demonstrated a pronounced redistribution of 137Cs on river watersheds and floodplains, and natural self-decontamination occurred in some cases. Understanding mechanisms and prediction of radiocesium long-term dynamics and seasonality in water bodies, as well as its remobilization from river-transported sediments at the interface between freshwater and marine water in estuaries is important challenge for contemporary radioecology.
Palavras-chave
Sobre autores
A. Konoplev
Fukushima University
Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: alexeikonoplev@gmail.com
Institute of Environmental Radioactivity
Japão, FukushimaBibliografia
- Chino M., Nakayama H., Nagai H. et al. Preliminary estimation of release amounts of 131I and 137Cs accidentally discharged from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the atmosphere. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2011; 48: 1129–1134. https://doi: 10.1080/18811248.2011.9711799
- Hirose K. 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident: summary of regional radioactive deposition monitoring results. J. Environ. Radioact. 2012; 111: 13–17. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.09.003
- Results of the Fifth Airborne Monitoring Survey and Airborne Monitoring Survey Outside 80km from the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; 2012. http://radioactivity.nsr.go.jp/en/contents/6000/5790/24/203_0928_14e.pdf
- Арутюнян Р.В., Большов Л.А., Боровой А.А., Велихов Е.П. Системный анализ причин и последствий аварии на АЭС Фукусима-1. М.: Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики РАН, 2018. 408 с. [Arutyunyan R.V., Bolshov L.A., Borovoy A.A., Velihov E.P. Systemnyi analyz prichin i posledstviy avarii na AES Fukushima-1. Moskva: Institut bezopasnogo razvitiya atomnoi energetiki RAN; 2018. 408 p. (In Russ.)]
- Chaisan K., Smith J.T., Bossew P. et al. Worldwide isotope ratios of the Fukushima release and early-phase external dose reconstruction. Sci. Rep. 2013;3:2520. https://doi: 10.1038/srep02520
- Hirose K. 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident: summary of regional radioactive deposition monitoring results. J. Environ. Radioact. 2012;111:13–17. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.09.003
- Konoplev A., Golosov V., Wakiyama Y., et al. Natural attenuation of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in soils due to its vertical and lateral migration. J. Environ. Radioact. 2018;186:23–33. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.06.019
- Malins A., Kurikami H., Nakama S. et al. Evaluation of ambient dose equivalent rates influenced by vertical and horizontal distribution of radioactive cesium in soil in Fukushima Prefecture. J. Environ. Radioact. 2016;151:38-49. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.09.014
- Konoplev A.V., Bulgakov A.A., Popov V.E., Bobovnikova Ts.I. Behaviour of long-lived Chernobyl radionuclides in a soil-water system. Analyst. 1992; 117: 1041-1047.
- Beresford N., Fesenko S., Konoplev A. et al. Thirty years after the Chernobyl accident: what lessons have we learnt? J. Environ. Radioact. 2016;157:77-89. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.003
- Hirose K, Povinec P.P. Ten years of investigations of Fukushima radionuclides in the environment: A review on process studies in environmental compartments. J. Environ. Radioact. 2022;251-252: 106929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106929
- Konoplev A. Fukushima and Chernobyl: similarities and differences of radiocesium behavior in the soil–water environment. Toxics. 2022;10:578. https://doi: 10.3390/toxics10100578
- Nagao S., Kanamori M., Ochiai S. et al. Export of 134Cs and 137Cs in the Fukushima River systems at heavy rains by Typhoon Roke in September 2011. Biogeosciences. 2013; 10: 6215-6223. 10.5194/bg-10-6215-2013' target='_blank'>https://doi: 10.5194/bg-10-6215-2013
- Yamashiki Y., Onda Y., Smith H.G. et al. Initial flux of sediment-associated radiocesium to the ocean from largest river impacted by Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:3714. https://doi: 10.1038/srep03714
- Evrard O., Chartin C., Onda Y. et al. Renewed soil erosion and remobilization of radioactive sediment in Fukushima coastal rivers after the 2013 typhoons. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:4574. https://doi: 10.1038/srep04574
- Wakiyama Y., Konoplev A., Thoa N. et al. Temporal Variations in Particulate and Dissolved 137Cs Activity Concentrations in the Abukuma River During Two High-Flow Events in 2018. In: Nanba K., Konoplev A., Wada T. (eds) Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment III: Fukushima. SPRINGER Nature, Singapore, 2022; 153-176. https://doi: 10/1007/978-981-16-6799-2_9
- Niida T., Wakiyama Y., Takata H. et al. A comparative study of riverine 137Cs dynamics during high-flow events at three contaminated river catchments in Fukushima. Sci. Total Environ. 2022;821:153408. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153408
- Evrard O., Laceby J.P., Lepage H. et al. Radiocesium transfer from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident: A review. J. Environ. Radioact. 2015;148:92–110. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.018
- Yoshimura K., Onda Y., Sakaguchi A. et al. An extensive study of the concentrations of particulate/dissolved radiocaesium derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in various river systems and their relationship with catchment inventory. 2015;139:370–378. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.08.021
- Konoplev A., Kanivets V., Zhukova O. et al. Mid- to long-term radiocesium wash-off from contaminated catchments at Chernobyl and Fukushima. Water Res. 2021;188:116514. https://doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116514
- Onda Y., Taniguchi K., Yoshimura K. et al. Radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in terrestrial systems. Nature Reviews Earth & Environ. 2020;1,644-660. https://doi: 10.1038/s43017-020-0099-x
- Konoplev A., Wakiyama Y., Wada T. et al. Reconstruction of time changes in radiocesium concentrations in the river of the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP contaminated area based on its depth distribution in dam reservoir’s bottom sediments. Environ. Res. 2022;206:112307. https://doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112307
- Kaneyasu N., Ohashi H., Suzuki F. et al. Sulfate Aerosol as a Potential Transport Medium of Radiocesium from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012;46:5720-5726. https://doi: 10.1021/es204667h
- Xu S., Zhang L., Freemant S., Hou X. et al. Speciation of radiocesium and radioiodine in aerosols from Tsukuba after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015;49(2):1017-1024.
- Adachi K., Kajino M., Zaizen Y., Igarashi Y. Emission of spherical cesium-bearing particles from an early stage of the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci. Rep. 2013; 3: 2554. https://doi: 10.1038/srep02554
- Abe Y., Iizawa Y., Terada Y. et al. Detection of uranium and chemical state analysis of individual radioactive microparticles emitted from the Fukushima nuclear accident using multiple synchrotron radiation X-ray analyses. Anal. Chem. 2015; 88: 8521–8525. https://doi: 10.1021/ac501998d
- Igarashi Y., Kogure T., Kurihara Y. et al. A review of Cs-bearing microparticles in the environment emitted by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J. Environ. Radioact. 2019; 205–206: 101–118. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.04.011
- Niimura N., Kikuchi K. Tuyen N.D. et al. Physical properties, structure and shape of radioactive Cs from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident derived from soil, bamboo and shiitake mushroom measurements. J. Environ. Radioact. 2015; 139: 234-239. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.12.020
- Satou Y., Sueki K., Sasa K. et al. Analysis of two forms of radioactive particles emitted during the early stages of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident. Geochem. J. 2018; 52: 137-143. https://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.2.0514
- Miura H., Kurihara Y., Sakaguchi A. et al. Discovery of radiocesium-bearing microparticles in river water and their influence on the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) of radiocesium in the Kuchibuto River in Fukushima. Geochem. J. 2018; 52: 1-10. https://doi: 10.2343/geochemj.2.0517
- Konoplev A., Wakiyama Y., Wada T. et al. Behavior of Fukushima-Derived Radiocesium in the Soil–Water Environment: Review. In: Nanba K., Konoplev A., Wada T. (eds) Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment III: Fukushima. SPRINGER Nature, Singapore: 2022. P. 33-68. https://doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-6799-2-4
- Ikehara R., Suetake M., Komiya T. et al. Novel method of quantifying cesium-rich microparticles (CsMPs) in the environment from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2018;52:6390–6398. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06693
- Ikehara R., Morooka K., Suetake M. et al. Abundance and distribution of radioactive cesium-rich microparticles released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the environment. Chemosphere. 2020;241:125019. https://doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125019
- Коноплев А.В. Распределение радиоцезия аварийного происхождения между взвешенными наносами и раствором в реках: Cравнение Фукусимы и Чернобыля. Радиохимия. 2015. Т. 57. №5. С. 471-474. [Konoplev A.V. Distribution of radiocesium of accidentally origin between suspended matter and solution in rivers: comparison of Fukushima and Chernobyl. Radiochemistry. 2015;57(5): 471-474. (In Russ).]
- Коноплев А.В., Булгаков А.А. Трансформация форм нахождения 90Sr и 137Cs в почве и донных отложениях. Атомная энергия. 2000. Т. 88. №1. С. 55–60. [Konoplev A.V., Bulgakov A.A. Transformation of the forms of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil and bottom sediments. Atomic Energy. 2000;88(1):56-60. (In Russ.)].
- Cremers A., Elsen A., De Preter P., Maes A. Quantitative analysis of radiocesium retention in soils. Nature. 1988;335:247–249.
- Коноплев А.В., Коноплева И.В. Определение характеристик равновесной селективной сорбции радиоцезия почвами и донными отложениями. Геохимия. 1999. №2. С. 207–214. [Konoplev A.V., Konopleva I.V. Characteristics of steady-state selective sorption of radiocesium on soils and bottom sediments. Geochem. Int. 1999; 37(2):177-183.]
- De Koning A., Konoplev A., Comans R. Measuring the specific caesium sorption capacity of soils, sediments and clay minerals. Appl. Geochem. 2007;22(1):219-229. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.07.013
- Павлоцкая Ф.И. Миграция радиоактивных продуктов глобальных выпадений в почвах. М.: Атомиздат, 1974. 270 с. [Pavlotskaya F.I. Migratsiya radioaktivnyh produktov globalnyh vypadeniy v pochvah. Moskva: Atomizdat, 1974. 270 p. (In Russ.)]
- Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Technical reports series No. 472. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2010. 194 p.
- Коноплев А.В., Булгаков А.А. Обменный коэффициент распределения 90Sr и 137Cs в системе почва-вода. Атомная энергия. 2000. Т. 88. №2. С. 152–158. [Konoplev A.V., Bulgakov A.A. 90Sr and 137Cs exchange distribution coefficient in soil-water system. Atomic Energy. 2000;88(2):158-163. (In Russ.)]
- Konoplev A., Golosov V., Laptev G. et al. Behavior of accidentally released radiocesium in soil-water environment: looking at Fukushima from a Chernobyl perspective. J. Environ. Radioact. 2016;151:568–578. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.019
- Ueda S., Hasegawa H., Kakiuchi H. et al. Fluvial Discharges of Radiocesium from Watersheds Contaminated by Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Plant Accident, Japan. J. Environ. Radioact. 2013;118:96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.11.009
- Sakaguchi A., Tanaka K., Iwatani H. et al. Size distribution studies of 137Cs in river water in the Abukuma Riverine system following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J. Environ. Radioact. 2015;139:379-389.
- Nakanishi T., Sakuma K. Trend of 137Cs concentration in river water in the medium term and future following the Fukushima nuclear accident. Chemosphere. 2019;215:272–279. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.017
- Taniguchi K., Onda Y., Smith H.G. et al. Transport and redistribution of radiocesium in Fukushima fallout through rivers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019;53:12339–12347. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02890
- Funaki H., Sakuma K., Nakanishi T. et al. Reservoir sediments as a long-term source of dissolved radiocesium in water system; a mass balance case study of an artificial reservoir in Fukushima, Japan. Sci. Total Environ. 2020;743:140668. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140668
- Ueda S., Hasegawa H., Ohtsuka Y. et al. Ten-year radiocesium fluvial discharge patterns from watersheds contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. J. Environ. Radioact. 2021;240:106759. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106759
- Igarashi Y., Nanba K., Wada T. et al. Factors Controlling the Dissolved 137Cs Seasonal Fluctuations in the Abukuma River Under the Influence of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences 2022;127(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006591
- Nakao A., Ogasawara S, Sano O. et al. Radiocesium sorption in relation to clay mineralogy of paddy soils in Fukushima, Japan. Sci. Total Environ. 2014;468–469:523–529. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.062
- Hirose K., Aoyama M., Sugimura Y. Plutonium and cesium isotopes in river water in Japan. J. Radioanal. Nuclear Chem. 1990;141(1):191-202.
- Matsunaga T., Amano H., Yanase N. Discharge of dissolved and particulate 137Cs in the Kuji River, Japan. App. Geochem. 1991;6: 159-167.
- Takata H., Wada T., Aono T. et al. Factors controlling dissolved 137Cs activities in coastal waters on the eastern and western sides of Honshu, Japan. Sci. Total Environ. 2022;806:151216. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151216
- Kusakabe M., Takata H. Temporal trends of 137Cs concentration in seawaters and bottom sediments in coastal waters around Japan: implications for the Kd concept in the dynamic marine environment. J. Radioanal. Nuclear Chem. 2020;323:567–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06958-z
- Konoplev A. Radioecology after Fukushima: lessons learned and challenges for the future. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium of the IER, Fukushima University, 14 February 2023, Fukushima. 2023. P. 20.
- Aoyama M., Hamajima Y., Inomata Y. et al. Radiocaesium derived from the TEPCO Fukushima accident in the North Pacific Ocean: Surface transport processes until 2017. J. Environ. Radioact. 2018;189:93–102. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.03.014
- Takata H., Wakiyama Y., Niida T. et al. Importance of desorption process from Abukuma River’s suspended particles in increasing dissolved 137Cs in coastal water during river-flood caused by typhoons. Chemosphere. 2021;281:130751. https://doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130751
- Okumura T., Yamaguchi N., Dohi T. et al. Dissolution behavior of radiocesium-bearing microparticles released from the Fukushima nuclear plant. Sci. Rep. 2019;9:3520. https://doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40423-x
- Коноплев А.В., Булгаков А.А. Кинетика выщелачивания 90Sr из топливных частиц в почвах ближней зоны Чернобыльской атомной электростанции. Атомная энергия. 1999. Т. 86. № 2. С. 129-134. [Konoplev A.V., Bulgakov A.A. Kinetics of 90Sr leaching from fuel particles in soil in the near zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Atomic Energy. 1999;86(2):136-141. (In Russ.)]
- Konoplev A.V., Bulgakov A.A., Popov V.E. et al. Long-term investigation of 137Cs fixation by soils. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 1996;64(1-2):15-18.
- Konoplev A., Wakiyama Y., Wada T. et al. Radiocesium distribution and mid-term dynamics in the ponds of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant exclusion zone. Chemosphere. 2021;265:129058. https://doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129058
- Applicability of Monitored Natural Attenuation at Radioactively Contaminated Sites. Technical Reports Series No. 445. Vienna: IAEA; 2006. 105 p.
- Коноплев А.В., Голосов В.Н., Йощенко В.И., и др. Вертикальное распределение радиоцезия в почвах зоны аварии на АЭС Фукусима-1. Почвоведение. 2016. № 5. С. 620-632. doi: 10.7868/S0032180X16050099. [Konoplev A.V., Golosov V.N., Yoschenko V.I. et al. Vertical distribution of radiocesium in soils of the area affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. Eurasian Soil Science. 2016;49(5):570-580. (In Russ). https://doi: 10.1134/S1064229316050082
- Mishra S., Sahoo S., Bossew P. et al. Vertical migration of radio-cesium derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in undisturbed soils of grassland and forest. J. Geochem. Exploration. 2016;169:163-186. https://doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.07.023
- Takahashi J., Onda Y., Hihara D., Tamura K. Six-year monitoring of the vertical distribution of radiocesium in three forest soils after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J. Environ. Radioact. 2019;210:105811. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.009' target='_blank'>https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.009
- Sakashita W., Miura S., Akama A. et al. Assessment of vertical radiocesium transfer in soil via roots. J. Environ. Radioact. 2020;222:106369. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106369
- Nanba K., Moritaka S., Igarashi S. Dynamics of radiocesium in urban river in Fukushima-city. In: Nanba K., Konoplev A., Wada T. (eds). Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment III: Fukushima. SPRINGER Nature, Singapore; 2022. P. 137-152. https://doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-6799-2_8
- Коноплев А.В. Сравнительный анализ смыва радиоцезия с загрязненных водосборов в результате аварии на АЭС Фукусима-1 и Чернобыльской АЭС. Геохимия. 2016. № 6. С. 536-542. doi: 10.7868/S001675251604004X. [Konoplev A. Comparative analysis of radiocesium wash-off from contaminated watersheds as a result of the accidents at Fukushima Dai-ichi and Chernobyl NPPs. Geochem. Int. 2016;54(6):522-528. https://doi: 10.1134/S0016702916040042 (In Russ.)]
- Laceby J.P., Chartin C., Evrard O. et al. Rainfall erosivity in catchments contaminated with fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2016;20:2467-2482. 10.5194/hess-20-2467-2016' target='_blank'>https://doi: 10.5194/hess-20-2467-2016
- Van Genuchten M.T., Wierenga P.J. Solute Dispersion Coefficients and Retardation Factors. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods, Madison, Wisconsin USA; 1986. P. 1025–1054
- Булгаков А.А., Коноплев А.В. Моделирование вертикального переноса 137Cs в почве по корневой системе дерева. Радиац. биология. Радиоэкология. 2002. Т. 42. № 5. С. 556–560. [Bulgakov A.A., Konoplev A.V. Modelirovanie verticalnogo perenosa 137Cs v pochve po kornevoi systeme dereva. Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioecologiya. 2002;42(5):556-560. (In Russ.)]
- Булгаков А.А., Коноплев А., Шкуратова И.Г. Динамика содержания 137Cs в поверхностном слое почв 30-километровой зоны Чернобыльской атомной электростанции. Почвоведение. 2000. №9. С. 1149–1152. [Bulgakov A.A., Konoplev A.V., Shkuratova I.G. Dinamika soderzhaniya 137Cs v poverhnostnom sloe pochv 30-kilometrovoi zony Chernobylskoi atomnoi stantsii. Pochvovedenie. 2000; 6:1149–1152. (In Russ.)]
- Коноплев А.В., Голубенков А.В. Моделирование вертикальной миграции радионуклидов в почве (по результатам ядерной аварии). Метеорология и гидрология. 1991. №10. С. 62-68. [Konoplev AV, Golubenkov AV. Modelirovanie vertikalnoi migratsii radionuklidov v pochve (po resultatamyadernoi avarii). Meteoroloia i gidrologia. 1991;10:62-68. (In Russ.)]
- Abril J.M., Barros H. Modelling the kinetic reactive transport of pollutants at the sediment-water interface. Applications with atmospheric fallout radionuclides. J. Environ. Radioact. 2022;242:106790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106790
- Golosov V., Konoplev A., Wakiyama Y. et al. Erosion and redeposition of sediments and sediment-associated radiocesium on river floodplains (the Niida River basin and the Abukuma River as an example). In: Nanba K., Konoplev A., Wada T. (eds) Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment III: Fukushima. SPRINGER Nature, Singapore: 2022. P. 97–-135. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-6799-2-7
- Иванов М.М., Гуринов А.Л., Иванова Н.Н. и др. Динамика накопления 137Сs в донных осадках Щекинского водохранилища за постчернобыльский период. Радиац. биология. Радиоэкология. 2019. Т. 59. № 6. С. 656-668. [Ivanov M.M., Gurinov F.L, Ivanova N.N. et al. Dynamika nakopleniya 137Сs v donnyh osadkah Schekinskogo vodohranilischa za postchernobylskyi period. Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya. 2019;59(6);656-668. (In Russ.)]. https://doi: 10.1134/S0869803119060055
- Konoplev A.V., Ivanov M.M., Golosov V.N., Konstantinov E.A. Reconstruction of long-term dynamics of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in the Upa River using bottom sediments in the Schekino reservoir and semi-empirical modelling. Proceedings of International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Moscow; 2019. 381:95-99. https://doi: 10.5194/piahs-381-95-2019
- Hayashi S., Tsuji H. Role and effect of a dam on migration of radioactive cesium in a river catchment after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Global Environ. Res. 2020;24(2):105-113.
- Huon S., Hayashi S., Laceby J.P. et al. Source dynamics of radiocesium-contaminated particulate matter deposited in an agricultural water reservoir after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci. Total Environ. 2018;612:1079-1090. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.205
- Kurikami H., Kitamura A., Yokuda S.T., Onishi Y. Sediment and 137Cs behaviors in the Ogaki Dam Reservoir during a heavy rainfall event. J. Environ. Radioact. 2014;137:10-17. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.06.013
- Yamada S., Kitamura A., Kurikami H. et al. Sediment and 137Cs transport and accumulation in the Ogaki dam of eastern Fukushima. Environ. Res. Lett. 2015;10:1–9. https://doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/1/014013
- Ivanov M.M., Konoplev A.V., Walling D.E. et al. Using reservoir sediment deposits to reconstruct the longer-term fate of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs fallout in the fluvial system. Environ. Pollut. 2021;274:116588. https://doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116588
- Nagao S., Kanamori M., Ochiai S. et al. Dispersion of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in river waters from Fukushima and Gunma prefectures at nine months after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident. Progr. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 2014;4:9-13.
- Delmas M., Garcia-Sanchez L., Onda Y. Factors controlling the variability of 137Cs concentrations in 5 coastal rivers around Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant. J. Environ. Radioact. 2019;204:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.03.013
- Hayashi S., Tsuji H., Yumiko I. Effects of forest litter on dissolved 137Cs concentrations in a highly contaminated mountain river in Fukushima. J. Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2022;41:101099. https://doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101099
- Kitamura A., Yamaguchi M., Kurikami H. et al. Predicting sediment and cesium-137 discharge from catchments in eastern Fukushima. Anthropocene. 2014;5:22–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ancene.2014.07.001
- Hilton J. Aquatic radioecology post Chernobyl – a review of the past and look to the future. In Freshwater and Estuarine Radioecology, Desmet G., Blust R.J., Comans R.N.J., Fernandez J.A., Hilton J., De Bettencourt A., Eds. Amsterdam, Netherland: Elsevier, 1997. P. 47–74.
- Monte L. A collective model for predicting the long-term behaviour of radionuclides in rivers. Sci. Total Environ. 1997;201:17-29.
- Smith J.T., Belova N.V., Bulgakov A.A. et al. The “AQUASCOPE” Simplified model for predicting 89,90Sr, and 134,137Cs in surface waters after a large-scale radioactive fallout. Health Phys. 2005;89:628-644.
- Коноплев А.В., Канивец В.И., Жукова О.М. и др. Полуэмпирическая модель смыва радионуклидов с загрязненных водосборов и ее проверка на основе данных мониторинга рек Фукусимы и Чернобыля. Геохимия. 2021. Т. 66. № 6. С. 550–561. doi: 10.31857/S0016752521060029 [Konoplev A.V., Kanivets V.I., Zhukova O.M. et al. Semi-empirical diffusional model of radionuclide wash-off from contaminated watersheds and its testing using monitoring data for Fukushima and Chernobyl rivers. Geochemistry International. 2021;59(6):550-561. (In Russ.). https://doi: 10.1134/S0016702921060021].
- Konoplev A., Kanivets V., Laptev G. et al. Long-term dynamics of the Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in rivers and lakes. In: Konoplev A., Kato K., Kalmykov S. N. (Eds.) Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment II: Chernobyl. SPRINGER Nature, Singapore; 2020. P. 323–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3568-0_3
- Hardie S.M.L., McKinley I.G. Fukushima remediation: status and overview of future plans. J. Environ. Radioact. 2014;133:75-85. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.08.002
- Howard B.J., Fesenko S.V., Balonov M. et al. A Comparison of Remediation After The Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi Accidents. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2016;173(1-3):170-176. https://doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncw312
- Борзилов В.А., Коноплев А.В., Ревина С.К. и др. Экспериментальное исследование смыва радионуклидов, выпавших на почву в результате аварии на Чернобыльской атомной электростанции. Метеорология и гидрология. 1988. № 11. С. 43-53. [Borzilov V.A., Konoplev A.V., Revina S.K. et al. Experimentalnoe issledovanie smyva radionuklidov, vypavshih na pochvu v rezultate avarii na Chernobylskoi atomnoi stantsii. Meteorologia i gidrologia. 1988;11:43-53. (In Russ.)]
- Борзилов В.А., Седунов Ю.С., Новицкий М.А. и др. Физико-математическое моделирование процессов, определяющих смыв долгоживущих радионуклидов с водосборов тридцатикилометровой зоны Чернобыльской АЭС. Метеорология и гидрология. 1989. № 1. C. 5-13. [Borzilov V.A., Sedunov Y.S., Novitsky M.A. et al. Fiziko-matematicheskoe modelirovanie processov, opredelyayuschih smyv dolgozhivuschih radionuklidov c vodosborov tridzatikilometrovoi zony Chernobylskoi AES. Meteorologia i gidrologia. 1989;1:5-13. (In Russ.)]
- Tsuji H., Nishikiori T., Yasutaka T. et al. Behavior of dissolved radiocesium in river water in a forested watershed in Fukushima Prefecture. J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci. 2016;121(10):2588–2599. https://doi: 10.1002/2016JG003428
- Matsuzaki S., Tanaka A., Kohzu A. et al. Seasonal dynamics of the activities of dissolved 137Cs and the 137Cs of fish in a shallow, hypereutrophic lake: Links to bottom-water oxygen concentrations. Sci. Total Environ. 2021;761:143257. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143257
- Funaki H., Tsuji H., Nakanishi N. et al. Remobilisation of radiocaesium from bottom sediments to water column in reservoirs in Fukushima, Japan. Sci. Total Environ. 2022;812:152534. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152534
- Коноплев А.В., Вакияма Й., Вада Т. и др. Трансформация форм нахождения радиоцезия в прудах ближней зоны АЭС Фукусима-1 и динамика его распределения в системе почва-вода. Метеорология и гидрология. 2021. № 5. С. 38-45. [Konoplev A.V., Wakiyama Y., Wada T. et al. Transformation of radiocesium speciation in ponds at the vicinity of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant and dynamics of its distribution in sediment-water system. Russian Meteorology and Hydrology. 2021;46(5):312-318. https://doi: 10.3103/S1068373921040051].
- Tsuji H., Funaki H., Watanabe M., Hayashi S. Effects of temperature and oxygen on 137Cs desorption from bottom sediment of a dam lake. Appl. Goechem. 2022;140:105303. https://doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105303
- Liu C., Zachara J.M., Qafoku O., Smith S. Effect of temperature on Cs+ sorption and desorption in subsurface sediments at the Hanford Site, USA. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003;37:2640–2645. https://doi: 10.1021/es026221h
- Семенов Н.Н. О некоторых проблемах химической кинетики и реакционной способности. М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1954. 350 с. [Semenov N.N. Some Problems in Chemical Kinetics and Reactivity. Princeton, NJ (USA): Princeton University Press; 1958. 254 p. (In Russ.)]
- Laidler K. J. Chemical Kinetics. 3rd Ed. Harper & Row; 1987. 531 p.
- Konoplev A.V., Kaminski S., Klemt E. et al. Comparative study of 137Cs partitioning between solid and liquid phases in Lakes Constance, Lugano and Vorsee. J. Environ. Radioact. 2002;58:1-11.
- Kanivets V., Laptev G., Konoplev A. et al. Distribution and dynamics of radionuclides in the Chernobyl cooling pond. In: Konoplev A., Kato K., Kalmykov S. N. (Eds.) Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment II: Chernobyl. SPRINGER Nature, Singapore; 2020. P. 349–405. https://doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-356-0_8
- Ries T., Putyrskaya V., Klemt E. Long-term distribution and migration of 137Cs in a small lake ecosystem with organic rich catchment: A caser study of Lake Vorsee (Southern Germany). J. Environ. Radioact. 2019;198:89-103. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.017.
- Wauters J., Madruga M.J., Vidal M., Cremers A. Solid phase speciation of radiocesium in bottom sediments. Sci. Total Environ. 1996;187:121–130.
- Wauters J., Elsen A., Cremers A. et al. Prediction of solid/liquid distribution coefficients of radiocesium in soils and sediments. Part one: A simplified procedure for the solid phase characterization. Appl. Geochem. 1996;11:589–594.