Fine soils as the objects of biodiagnostics

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

The current sanitary and hygienic approach to assessing toxicity of various natural environments based on the comparison of numerical indices of pollutant concentrations with the standard permissible ones, does not meet the principles of modern environmental safety. This is especially true taking in consideration a constantly increasing number of potentially toxic compounds, the complexity of their composition and the variety of possible routes of their release into the environment. In this regard, the methods for assessing the quality and condition of natural environments based on the use of biological objects – biodiagnostics – are becoming acute in various areas of research. The methods for studying aquatic environments and soils are well developed; however, in relation to ground systems, there is still no clearly defined and generally accepted theory of environmental regulation of their condition, in particular the one based on the biotic concept. The article gives basic concepts and describes the main methods of biodiagnostics of the ecological status of natural environments in general and soil systems in particular used today. Taking into account the basic positions of soil and rock engineering, the features of assessing the ecological status of fine soils are characterized. Proceeding from the results of large-scale experimental studies conducted by the authors, the effectiveness of biotesting methods using hydrobionts, application and eluate phytotesting on various test cultures was assessed in relation to soil systems. The results of using chemical-analytical methods for ecotoxicological assessment of soils with biotesting methods were also compared. It is concluded that assessing the ecological state of fine soils with phytotesting methods, using the fine soil proper as a substratum is highly reliable. We suggest to improve biodiagnostics of the ecological state of fine soils, taking into account the characteristics of the object of study and possible routes of toxicant migration.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

I. Yu. Grigorieva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ikagrig@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991

A. V. Morozov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: morozov8pro@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991

S. S. Sadov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: sergik0599@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991

References

  1. [Analysis of the implementation of state policy objectives in the field of environmental development and relevant Instructions of the President of the Russian Federation]. Moscow, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), National Information Agency “Natural Resources” (NIA-Priroda), 2016, 54 p. (in Russian)
  2. [Biological environmental control: bioindication and biotesting]. O.P. Melekhova, E.I. Sarapultseva, T.I. Evseeva et al., Moscow, IC Academy Publ., 2010, 288 p. (in Russian)
  3. Galitskaya, I.V., Kostikova, I.A. [Study of contaminated soils as a secondary source of pollution in the MSW landfill areas]. In: [Sergeev’s readings. Fundamental and applied issues of modern soil and rock engineering. Issue 23]. Moscow, GeoInfo Publ., 2022, pp. 348-354. (in Russian)
  4. Glazovskaya, M.A. [Methodological foundations for assessing the ecological and geochemical resistance of soils to technogenic impacts: a methodological manual from Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography]. Moscow, Mosk. Univ. Publ., 1997, 102 p. (in Russian)
  5. [GOST R 58556-2019. Assessment of water quality in water bodies from ecological standpoint]. URL: https://gostassistent.ru (accessed 02/10/2024). (in Russian)
  6. [GOST R 70229-2022. Soils. Soil quality indicators.] URL: https://gostassistent.ru (accessed 02/10/20224). (in Russian)
  7. [GOST 17.4.4.02-2017. Nature Conservation (SSOP). Soils. Methods of sampling and sample preparation for chemical, bacteriological, helminthological analysis.] URL: https://gostassistent.ru (accessed 02/10/2024). (in Russian)
  8. [GOST R ISO 22030-2009. Soil quality. Biological methods. Chronic phytotoxicity in respect to higher plants.] URL: docs.cntd.ru (accessed 02/10/2024) (in Russian)
  9. [GOST R ISO 18763-2019. Soil quality. Determination of toxic effects of pollutants on germination and growth of higher plants at the early development stages]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2019, 27 p. (in Russian)
  10. [State report “On the state and protection of the environment in the Russian Federation in 2018.”]. Moscow, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia; NPP Cadastre, 2019, 844 p. (in Russian)
  11. Grigorieva, I.Yu. [Problems of geoecology and soil science in the experimental assessment of the hazard class of soils as waste]. In: [Sergeev’s readings. Waste management: problems in environmental geoscience and engineering geology. Issue 20]. Moscow, RUDN Publ., 2018, pp. 106-112. (in Russian)
  12. Grigorieva, I.Yu., Sarzhenko M.N. [On biotesting of contaminated soils during engineering and environmental surveys]. Geoinfo. Electronic journal. 2018, no. 12 https://geoinfo.ru/product/grigoreva-iya-yurevna/o-biotestirovanii-zagryaznennyh-gruntov-pri-inzhenerno-ehkologicheskih-izyskaniyah-38466.shtml (in Russian)
  13. [Report “On the state of the environment in Moscow in 2016”]. A.O. Kulbachevsky, Ed., Moscow, DPiOOS; NIiPI IGSP Publ., 2017, 363 p. (in Russian)
  14. Zolotareva, O.A., Plekhanova, I.O. [Standardization of the state of soils of different types according to indicators of biological activity, phytotoxicity and mobility of HMs]. In: [Biodiagnostics and environmental assessment of the environment: modern technologies, problems and solutions: materials. IV Int. symp.]. Moscow, Scientific Library of Moscow State University, 2023, pp. 88-94. (in Russian)
  15. Kapel’kina, L.P., Bardina. T.V. [Methods of biotesting natural and technogenic environments used by the St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. In: [Biodiagnostics and ecological assessment of the environment: modern technologies, problems and solutions. Proc. IV Int. Symp.]. Moscow, Scientific Library of Moscow State University, 2023, pp. 100-105. (in Russian)
  16. Kitova, A.E. [Amperometric microbial and enzymatic biosensors for the detection of carbohydrates, alcohols and nitroaromatic compounds]. Diss. Cand. (Biol.) Sci., Pushchino: IBPM RAS, 2009. https://www.dissercat.com/content/amperometricheskie-mikrobnye-i-fermentnye-biosensory-dlya-detektsii-uglevodov-spirtov-i-nitr (in Russian)
  17. Kostenko, E.A. [Monitoring pollution of the agricultural zone in Stavropol using biotesting]. Voprosy sovremennoi nauki i praktiki. Universitet im. V.I. Vernadskogo. 2015, no. 2, pp. 15-21. (in Russian)
  18. [Laboratory works in soil and rock engineering. Textbook]. V.T. Trofimov, V.A. Korolev, Eds., 3rd edition (revised and supplemented). Moscow, KDU, Universitetskaya kniga Publ., 2017, 656 p. (in Russian)
  19. Levich, A.P. [Biotic concept of natural environment control]. Doklady Akademii nauk, 1994, vol. 337, no. 2, pp. 280–282. (in Russian)
  20. Lisovitskaya, O.V., Terekhova, V.A. [Phytotesting, basic approaches, problems of the laboratory method and modern solutions]. Doklady po ekologicheskomy pochvovedeniyu, 2010, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-18. (in Russian)
  21. [Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation dated December 4, 2014 No. 536 “On approval of the Criteria for classifying waste into hazard classes I-V according to the degree of negative impact on the environment” (Registered December 29, 2015, no. 40330). URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru (accessed 20.11.2023). (in Russian)
  22. Rakhleeva, A.A., Danilova, M.A., Terekhova, V.A. [Analysis of data on the sensitivity of some test species of ciliates to conditions of different mineralization of the environment]. Proc. IV Int. Symp. “Biodiagnostics and environmental assessment of the environment: modern technologies, problems and solutions”. Moscow, Poster-M Publ., 2023, pp. 213–218. (in Russian)
  23. [RD 52.24.868-2017. Using methods of biotesting of water and bottom sediments of watercourses and reservoirs.] URL: https://gostassistent.ru (accessed 02/08/2024). (in Russian)
  24. [RD 52.24.905-2020. Assessment of the toxicity of water and water extracts from bottom sediments in surface water bodies using biotesting based on changes in the optical density of the microalgae culture Chlorella Vulgaris] URL: https://gostassistent.ru (accessed 02/08/2024). (in Russian)
  25. Smurov, A.V. [Fundamentals of ecological diagnostics]. Moscow, Oikos Publ., 2003, 188 p. (in Russian)
  26. [SP 2.1.7.1386–03. Determination of the hazard class of toxic production and consumption waste]. URL: http://ohranatruda.ru (accessed November 20, 2023). (in Russian)
  27. Terekhova, V.A. [Biotesting of soils: approaches and problems]. Pochvovedenie, 2011, no. 2, pp. 190-198. (in Russian)
  28. Terekhova, V.A. [Biotesting of soil ecotoxicity under chemical pollution: modern approaches to integration for assessing the ecological state (review)]. Pochvovedenie, 2022, no. 5, pp. 586-599. (in Russian)
  29. Terekhova, V.A., Kulachkova, S.A., Morachevskaya, E.V., Kiryushina, A.P. [Methodology of soil biodiagnostics and features of some methods of bioindication and biotesting (review)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 17. Pochvovedenie, 2023, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 35–45. (in Russian)
  30. Timofeeva, S.S. [Modern methods of environmental diagnostics of soil pollution]. Vestnik IrGTU, 2011, no. 11, pp. 88-94. (in Russian)
  31. Utkin, D.V., Osina, N.A., Kuklev, V.E. et al. [Biosensors: current state and prospects for use in laboratory diagnostics of especially dangerous infectious diseases]. Problemy osobo opasnykh infektsii, 2009, no. 4(102), pp. 11-14. (in Russian)
  32. Fedoseeva, E.V., Luchkina, O.S., Tereshina, V.M. et al. [Facultative pathogenic fungi as indicators of soil pollution with heavy metals]. Proc. IV Int. Symp. “Biodiagnostics and environmental assessment of the environment: modern technologies, problems and solutions”. Moscow, Poster-M Publ., 2023, pp. 253–259. (in Russian)
  33. [FR.1.39.2007.03222. Methodology for determining the toxicity of water and water extracts from soils, sewage sludge, and waste based on mortality and changes in the fertility of daphnia]. URL: https://files.stroyinf.ru (accessed 02/08/2024). (in Russian)
  34. Yakovlev, A.S., Evdokimova, M.V., Terekhova, V.A. et al. [Prospects for environmental assessment and standardization of soil and land quality and management of their quality]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 17. Pochvovedenie, 2023, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 55–62. (in Russian)
  35. Alwan, S.W. Bioassay of crude oil toxicity in soil and Vecia Faba L. plant. Plant Archives, 2018, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 2573-2579.
  36. Casseils, N.P., Lane, C.S., Depala, M. et al. Microtox testing of pentachlorophenol in soil extracts and quantification by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) - A rapid screening approach for contaminated land, Chemosphere, 2000, vol. 40, no 6, pp. 609-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00322-7
  37. Chang, Z.Z., Weaver, R.W., Rhykerd, R.L. Oil bioremediation in a high and low phosphorous soil. Journal of Soil Contamination, 1996, vol. 5, is. 5, pp. 215-224.
  38. David, M., Levente, K., Sandor, A. P., Zsolt, K. Applying Bioassays for Investigation of Soils from Suburban Green Sites. CSEE’20. Virtual Conference, 2020, no. ICEPTP 108, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/ 10.11159/iceptp20.108
  39. Doran, J.W., Zeiss, M.R. Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality. Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, vol. 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00067-6
  40. Liu, X., Germaine, K.J., Ryan, D., Dowling, D.N. Whole-cell fluorescent biosensors for bioavailability and biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Sensors, 2010, vol. 10, pp. 1377–1398.
  41. Marlon, E.V., Juan, G.F., Francisco, P.M. Determination of phytoxicity of soluble elements in soils, based on a bioassay with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Science of the Total Environment, 2007, vol. 378, no. 1-2, pp. 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.007
  42. OCSPP 850.4230. Ecological effects test guidelines. Early seeding growth toxicity test. URL: https://nepis.epa.gov (accessed 10.02.2024)
  43. Persoone, G. Recent new microbiotests for cost-effective toxicity monitoring: the Rapidtoxkit and the Phytotoxkit. 12th Int. Symp.on Toxicity Assessment. Book of Abstracts, 2005, 112 p.
  44. Persoone, G., Wadhia, K. Comparison between Toxkit microbiotests and standard tests’. Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste, Results and Experiences of an International Ring Test. Moser H, & Rombke J. (eds.), Springer Ltd. New York, 2008, pp. 213-216.
  45. Plaza, G., Nalęcz-Jawecki, G. The application of bioassays as indicators of petroleum-contaminated soil remediation. Chemosphere, 2005, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.049
  46. Santin-Montanya, I., Alonso-Prados, J. L., Villarroya, M. Bioassay for determining sensitivity to sulfosulfuron on seven plant species. J. of Environmental science and health, part B, 2006, vol. 41, pp. 781-793. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230600805782
  47. Shao, C.Y., Howe, C.J., Porter, A.J. et al. Novel cyanobacterial biosensor for detection of herbicides. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2002, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 5026–5033.
  48. Susanna S., Laura O., Aldo V. Application of biotests for the determination of soil ecotoxicity after exposure to biodegradable plastics. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2016, vol. 4, art. 68, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00068
  49. Toyama Prefecture. The Itai-itai Disease Museum. URL: https://www.pref.toyama.jp/1291/ kurashi/kenkou/iryou / 1291/Russia/index.html (access date 20.11.2023)
  50. Werlen, C., Marco, C.M., Jaspers, J. Measurement of biologically available naphthalene in gas and aqueous phases by use of a pseudomonas putida biosensor. Applies and Environmental Microbiology, 2004, Jan; 70(1):43-51. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.1.43-51.2004

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. Production and consumption waste generation by hazard class in Russia, million tonnes [compiled by the authors on the basis of data 1, 10, 13].

Download (125KB)
Indexing metadata
3. Fig. 2. General view of the result of biotesting on distilled water (a), sand (b), loam (c) and loam (d) in Petri dishes using cress (Lepidium sativum L.) culture.

Download (318KB)
Indexing metadata
4. Fig. 3. Semi-automatic processing of biotesting results using a software package based on machine learning (a - control sample, b - loam sampled in Moscow).

Download (468KB)
Indexing metadata
5. Fig. 4. Sequence of biotesting using the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna Straus.

Download (207KB)
Indexing metadata
6. Fig. 5. Sequence of biotesting using Scenedesmus quadricuda.

Download (229KB)
Indexing metadata
7. Fig. 6. Fragment of the working log of tablet phytotesting results.

Download (589KB)
Indexing metadata
8. Fig. 7. Pathways of possible ingestion of chemical elements from the upper horizons of the Earth's crust into the human body.

Download (493KB)
Indexing metadata
9. Fig. 8. Toxicity index of the tested samples determined by tablet phytotesting in relation to white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). The abscissa axis shows the composition of the model contamination of quartz fine sands: DT - diesel fuel, NaCl - table salt solution; in brackets - percentage by mass of the contaminant.

Download (157KB)
Indexing metadata
10. Fig. 9. Semi-automatic processing of phytotesting results using a software package based on machine learning (a - control sample, b - sample with combined model contamination).

Download (414KB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2024 Russian Academy of Sciences

Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».