Groundwater flow modeling to justify safe mining of the Yakovlevsky iron ore deposit (KMA)

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The unique Yakovlevskoe iron ore deposit of the Kursk magnetic anomaly (KMA) is confined to a 40-km-long strip with an average width of 440 m, and the thickness of ore layers varying from 50 to 465 m. Rich iron ores are confined to the crystalline basement and lie at a depth of 470–550 m with an angle of incidence 60–70°. Industrial mining began in 2005 at the Yakovlevsky underground mine using a system with backfilling of mined-out space. Mining is carried out under very difficult hydrogeological conditions: at the top of the productive horizon there is a high-pressure multi-layer system of the Dnieper-Donets artesian basin. Directly on the foundation rocks lies the Lower Carboniferous aquifer (under natural conditions with a pressure of up to 440 m), there is no reliable sustained aquitard: the separating weakly permeable strata is represented by clay deposits (thickness from 0.2 to 30 m) and dense carbonated formations in the roof of the ore-crystalline strata (thickness from 0.2 to 30 m, up to 60 m). Drainage of the developed area of the deposit is carried out underground by draining only the ore body using horizontal and inclined-rising wells. Development of the deposit has already led to a significant decrease in groundwater levels and a change in the parameters of the separating protective layer. The possibility of expanding the front of mining operations both in area and in depth requires a serious hydrogeological justification. Further development of the Yakovlevsky iron ore deposit can be carried out by increasing the mining depth (to a horizon of –525 m) or by excavating a safety pillar in the range from –300 to –370 m. The implementation of these options will require preliminary drainage of the Lower Carboniferous aquifer, the consumption of such water reduction will be about 4 thousand m3/hour and will lead to the formation of an extensive depression cone.

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作者简介

P. Rybnikov

Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ribnikoff@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 58, Mamin-Sibiryak St., Ekaterinburg, 620075

L. Rybnikova

Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: luserib@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 58, Mamin-Sibiryak St., Ekaterinburg, 620075

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2. Fig. 1. Main stages of mining and R&D development at the Yakovlevskoye deposit.

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3. Fig. 2. Hydrogeological section of the Dnieper-Donets artesian basin [31]. 1 - loams; 2 - interlacing of sands and clays; 3 - chalk; 4 - marl; 5 - clays; 6 - sandy clays; 8 - sandstones; 9 - limestones; 10 ores; 11 - quartzites; 12 - crystalline schists; 13 - granites; 14 - piezometric level of aquifers.

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4. Fig. 3. Geological section along line 29 [9]. a, b, c, d - mining contour between -370 m and -425 m horizon; S1, S2, S3, S4 - contours of rich iron ores.

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5. Fig. 4. Geofiltration scheme of the Yakovlevskoye field mining area.

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of groundwater levels in the Lower Carboniferous aquifer (inset to the central part): a - current state; b - variant No. 1 (mining in the interval -370 ÷ -425 m); c - variant No. 2 (mining in the interval -425 ÷ -525 m); d - variant No. 3 (target mining). 1 - mine workings, 2 - iron ore strip contour, 3 - hydroisopiezas.

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7. Fig. 6. Balance components (Q, m3/h, PR - water inflow from ore-crystalline horizon; C1 - water inflow from Lower Carboniferous horizon taking into account overflow from Kellovian horizon) and groundwater levels (abs. altitude), m, C1 - Lower Carboniferous horizon, J - Kelloggian horizon) under the following mining scenarios: variant No. 1, mining in the interval -370 ÷ -425 m; variant No. 2, mining in the interval -425 ÷ -525 m; variant No. 3, target mining.

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8. Fig. 7. Variation of the value of the seepage coefficient of the separating strata obtained by hydrogeological calculations. Organisation that carried out the works: TsNG - TsNIIgorosuschestvo [8]; VGM - VIOGEM [25]; NVT - NTC NOVOTEK [1, 2]; IGD - IGD Ural RAS [16].

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