Syncopes in adolescents in sport

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Abstract

The study analyzes current data on syncope in children and adolescents. The study presents the classification of syncope and briefly describes the clinical manifestations of neurally mediated syncope and the main methods of its diagnosis and treatment. Syncopes associated with organic cardiac pathologies and primary cardiac arrhythmias are caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery anomalies, primary long QT syndrome, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, and bradyarrhythmias. The diagnostic features of syncope in children and young athletes and modern approaches to treatment and prevention are discussed.

Although most syncopes in athletes are not associated with physical activity and have a neurotransmitter genesis, a thorough medical examination is needed. Factors that induce the development of syncopes in athletes must be identified. A prerequisite for admission to sports is the exclusion of the cardiac and arrhythmogenic reasons of syncopes. The decision to expand the sports regime should be made only after a thorough collection of medical history, including family history, and a comprehensive examination. In addition, the degree of risk in view of injuries, provocation, or fatal events following the loss of consciousness during sports must be estimated. This is extremely relevant for sports such as swimming, complex coordination sports (gymnastics and acrobatics), auto and motor sports, and alpine skiing.

Although syncopes are common problems in pediatric practice, with only a few cases with cardiac causes based on structural or primary electrical myocardial diseases, they pose the greatest danger in sports medicine. Thus, such conditions must be excluded in young athletes because sports load can aggravate cardiac pathologies, which cause syncopes, due to untimely diagnosis before the start of a sports career.

About the authors

Tatyana S. Shablinova

National Research Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev

Author for correspondence.
Email: Doc.Parshina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4401-8395
SPIN-code: 7409-3568

graduate student

Russian Federation, 98 Bolshevistskaya street, 430005 Saransk

Marina V. Shirmankina

National Research Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev

Email: shirmankina99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9049-5662
SPIN-code: 2141-2903

resident

Russian Federation, 98 Bolshevistskaya street, 430005 Saransk

Anastasia S. Tyurina

National Research Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev

Email: nas.leskina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7346-429X

resident

Russian Federation, 98 Bolshevistskaya street, 430005 Saransk

Olga Yu. Pigacheva

Children’s republican clinical hospital

Email: oyupigacheva@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-6581-1211

head of the pediatric department

Russian Federation, Saranskn Federation

Elena I. Naumenko

National Research Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev

Email: ei-naumenko@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5332-8240

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

Russian Federation, 98 Bolshevistskaya street, 430005 Saransk

Stanislav A. Ivyanskiy

National Research Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev

Email: stivdoctor@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0087-4421
SPIN-code: 9931-6767

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor

Russian Federation, 98 Bolshevistskaya street, 430005 Saransk

Larisa A. Balykova

National Research Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogarev

Email: larisabalykova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2290-0013
SPIN-code: 2024-5807

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, associate member of Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, 98 Bolshevistskaya street, 430005 Saransk

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