Том 59, № 8 (2016)

The detection of the accelerated expansion of the universe by the High-Z SN Search Team and the Supernova Cosmology Project is analyzed from the standpoint of solving the structural-parametric identification problem for the red-shift cosmological distance scale in the Friedman–Robertson–Walker model based on combined data for type SN Ia supernovae. A similar solution is given for the interpolation model.

Different ways of choosing the fundamental physical constants in connection with the planned transition to new definitions of the fundamental SI units (kilogram, mole, ampere, and kelvin) are discussed. Criteria for an optimum choice of the fundamental physical constants for this transition are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the new definitions of the kilogram, mole, ampere, and kelvin based on various sets of constants chosen from the atomic mass unit, Avogadro constant, elementary electric charge, Boltzmann constant, Planck constant, and permeability of free space are analyzed.

The movement of a tubular manometric spring that experiences oscillations in the plane of curvature of the central axis in a viscous medium is investigated. The Manometr software package for automatic calculation of the damping parameters is developed. Experimental estimation of the reliability of the results obtained is performed.

A method of detection and identification of defects inside pipes that have been magnetized by a variable current is considered. A three-dimensional computer model of a magnetized section of a pipeline is developed with the use of the method of finite elements. Through the use of the model, it is possible to calculate the distribution of the magnetic flux inside the pipeline as a variable electrical current travels through the pipeline. The computational model may be used to create an effective measurement system for intratubal magnetic flaw detection.

The need to use mixtures of distributions for monitoring the parameters of different dynamic systems whose state depends on several random factors, is evaluated. An algorithm employing mixtures of Poisson distributions for stochastic prediction of changes in these parameters during system operation is proposed.

We present research results of three-dimensional surface reconstruction from stereo images of silicon structures with trapezoidal profile of the relief elements. The stereo images were obtained from a scanning electron microscope. We compared results from transmission scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the formation of an insular film of gold on the surface of the test object can increase the accuracy of the results of the three-dimensional reconstruction. Reconstruction error for a protrusion height of 597–600 nm was less than 4%.

A description of a technique for comprehensive compensation of the errors of a passive opto-electronic system for dimensional control of articles is presented. Results from certification of a newly developed data processing algorithm are presented. Based on experimental studies, it is shown that a software implementation of the algorithm decreases the errors in dimensional control of articles by comparison with existing techniques.

We examine the design principles of the magneto-optical displacement transducers based on the Faraday effect. We present the results of mathematical modeling of the characteristics of such displacement transducers. The practical application of the obtained data is given.

A technique based on a discrete model of a vibratory process and an algorithm for calculating cumulative phases by means of a discrete Hilbert transform is developed. The digit capacity of an analog-to-digital converter and size of the sample for measurements of the phase difference of signals with error less than 0.001° are determined by numerical modeling. The performance of the proposed algorithm is confirmed using physical signals in the course of life tests of a damper made of a metal rubber wire material.

We propose a method for determining the parameters of linear thermal circuits of semiconductor devices represented in the form of series-connected RC circuits. As a result of computer modeling, we obtain an estimate for errors in determining the indicated parameters based on the frequency dependence of the modulus of the thermal impedance.

The current state and basic trends in the development of standards based on the Josephson effect are described. Designs for the construction of standard plants and methods of improving these designs and expanding their range of application are considered.

A technique of time-frequency analysis of unevenly sampled data sets is developed to study variations in the night mesospheric ozone emission spectra obtained from ground-based millimeter-wave observations. Basic computational formulas as well as results of numerical simulations with monochromatic and noise signals are presented. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with theoretical estimates.

A mathematical model is developed for a multichannel sensor unit based on diamond detectors in a device for monitoring the parameters of cosmic ray fluxes. The output signals from these sensors are modelled as they detect ionizing radiation from outer space in different spacecraft orbits with various levels of solar activity.

Work on the development of a reference sample of nanoporous aluminum oxide is reported. The metrological characteristics of the reference sample are evaluated.