Characteristics of the epidemic process of measles, rubella and mumps in Moscow and assessment of their seroprevalence at the present stage

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Abstract

Introduction. The problem of vaccine-preventable infections requires assessing the state of herd immunity through serological monitoring.

The aim. To study the epidemiological features of measles, rubella and mumps and to estimate their seroprevalence in the last decade in Moscow.

Materials and methods. Forms of federal statistical observation; State reports «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the Moscow population»; official EMISS data for 2012–2023 were used to conduct a retrospective analysis of incidence. Blood serum samples (n = 7458) from healthy individuals stratified by age were tested for the presence of IgG antobodies to measles, rubella and mumps using the ELISA. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics v.27 (IBM).

Results. The analysis of epidemiological situation in Moscow in 2012–2023 revealed the presence of multidirectional trends: wave-like increase in the incidence of measles, stabilization of rubella cases registration and unstable incidence of mumps with an upward trend. A high prevalence of IgG antibodies to rubella virus was determined, preventing the spread of infection among the population. The formed level of herd immunity to mumps does not allow reducing the incidence to sporadic cases. The observed trend of increasing measles incidence can be explained by the accumulation of non-immune individuals among the population.

Conclusion. The significant proportion of seronegative individuals indicate the necessity to adjust vaccination prevention tactics and implement measures for mopping-up and catch-up immunization of the population against measles and mumps, especially in risk age groups.

About the authors

Yana V. Simakova

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: y.v.simakova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5033-6931

Researcher

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow

Vladimir A. Gushchin

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: wowaniada@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9397-3762

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading researcher, Head of the Department, Head of the Department of Medical Genetics, Senior Researcher at the Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow; 119048, Moscow; 119234, Moscow

Tatiana A. Semenenko

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: semenenko@gamaleya.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6686-9011

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow; 119048, Moscow

Daria A. Ogarkova

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: DashaDv1993@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1152-4120

Junior Researcher

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow

Denis A. Kleymenov

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: mne10000let@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9422-7238

PhD, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow

Anna V. Nozdracheva

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: nozdrachevaav@gamaleya.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8521-1741

Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow

Victor A. Manuylov

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University

Email: victormanuilov@yandex.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2296-6151

PhD, Senior Researcher, Faculty of Natural Sciences

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow; 630090, Novosibirsk

Artem P. Tkachuk

National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: artem.p.tkachuk@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3262-4873

PhD, Leading Researcher

Russian Federation, 127994, Moscow

Alexander L. Gintsburg

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)

Email: gintsburg@gamaleya.org
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1769-5059

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Head of the Department of Infectology

Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow; 119048, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Measles incidence rates (per 100,000 population) in Moscow in 2012–2023 among adults and children.

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3. Fig. 2. Proportion of adults among measles patients in Moscow in 2012–2023.

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4. Fig. 3. Rubella incidence rates (per 100,000 population) in Moscow in 2012–2023

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5. Fig. 4. The proportion of seropositive persons to measles (a), rubella (b), mumps (c), depending on the vaccination status according to the questionnaire data in various age groups surveyed in 2019

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of persons seropositive to measles, rubella, and mumps viruses among different age groups surveyed in 2019.

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Copyright (c) 2025 Simakova Y.V., Gushchin V.A., Semenenko T.A., Ogarkova D.A., Kleymenov D.A., Nozdracheva A.V., Manuylov V.A., Tkachuk A.P., Gintsburg A.L.

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